EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 143 



nences. Male, 7 mm. to 9 mm. long ; tail obtuse, rolled in a spiral 

 manner and bearing two lateral wings, each sustained by five 

 papillae and two unequal spiculae ; female, 1 1 mm. long ; tail 

 straight ; ova oblong. 



In the intestine of the leopard the tendency of the tumors 

 seemed to form colonies, 8 to 10 of these occurring from y 2 to 1 

 inch apart, and then perhaps none occurring for 7 to 8 inches. 

 The color of these tumors did not differ from that of the adjacent 

 parts, and they were rather firm in consistence. On their summit 

 were one to two, sometimes three, perforations that communicated 

 with the irregular cavity. These tumors were situated between 

 the mucous and muscular layers of the intestine. When the tu- 

 mors are old their contents are concrete and their walls fibrous. 

 In these are found worms or their debris. Whether they multiply 

 in the tumors, or submit to migration, is not definitely known. 



In the case of this leopard, the parasites were so abundant as 

 to give rise to haemorrhagic enteritis and dysentery. 



The Sclerostoma found inhabiting the colon of an orang-utan 

 was the causative factor in giving rise to a. chronic haemorrhagic 

 dysentery. The tumors they formed beneath the mucous mem- 

 brane were of the same general character as those of the Sclero- 

 stoma tetracanthiis which inhabits the caecum and colon of the 

 Equidae. The parasite itself, however, differs considerably from 

 that of the Sclerostoma tetracanthiis. Plates show sections of 

 this encysted parasite in the muscular coat of the bowel. They 

 are probably introduced into the intestines with the water the 

 host drinks, and it is very likely that they encyst themselves di- 

 rectly in the mucous membrane, without penetrating the circula- 

 tory system — at least, no wandering parasites of this kind have 

 ever been observed. When the tumors are old their contents are 

 concrete and their walls are fibrous. In them are found dead 

 worms or their debris. In certain of these tumors I found a single 

 adult worm 5 mm. to 6 mm. long, and several much smaller worms 

 about 3 mm. in length ; while in other tumors the adult worm alone 

 was present. That the parasites multiply in the tumors is evident, 

 but just when the young worms submit to migrations is not defi- 

 nitely known. 



SYMPTOMS OF INTESTINAL WORMS. 



The symptoms denoting the existence of worms within the 

 intestinal canal are in some instances obscure, in others promi- 

 nent. At times but little derangement is noted, at others pro- 

 found disturbances result. 



