hEitoNs. 39 



the Zoological Gardens. Of the eighteen different species known, 

 typical examples will be found exhibited. Of these we may call attention 

 to the Common Crane (Grus grus) (601), a regular summer-visitor 

 to Europe, the Sarus Cranes [Antigone), of which A. sharpei (605) 

 is common in Burma and A. austi'alasiana (604) is well-known in 

 Australia as the " Native Companion/"^ and the great African Wattled 

 Crane [Bugeranus carunculatus) (606). Two very elegant forms are 

 the Stanley's Crane [Tetrapteryoo paradisea) (608) and the Demoiselle 

 [Anthropoides virgo) (609) ; but perhaps the most striking are the 

 Crowned Cranes [Balearica) (610; 61! )j with their curious brush-like 

 crests. The eggs, two or sometimes three in number, are laid in a more 

 or less extensive nest placed on the ground. 



Order XV. AllDEIFORMES. Heron-tribe. 



The Herons, Storks, and Ibises included in this Order differ from the [Cases 

 . . 33 34 "* 



Cranes in possessing a bridged or desmognathous palate (see p. 145), ' '-' 



while their young arc hatched in a helpless condition and have to be 



fed in the nest for a considerable period. 



In the true Herons the bill is almost always long, straight^ pointed, • 

 often serrated on the edges, and specially adapted for the capture of 

 fish, while the legs and toes are long and suitable for wading. In spite 

 of their structure, apparently so unsuited for an arboreal life, they perch 

 readily on trees, and many species build their loosely-constructed nests 

 of sticks among the branches, either singly or in colonics. 



In flight the head is drawn back between the shoulders. JNlauy of 

 the species assume ornamental plumage during the nesting-season, 

 either in the form of long crest-feathers or elongate plumes on the 

 breast or back. It is from the long " dorsal train " of the Little Egret 

 {Garzetta garzetta) (642), the Snowy Egret [Gurzetta candidissima), 

 and the American Egret (Herodias egret t a), as avcU as from other 

 allied species [see PI. XIII.], that the ornamental plumes known 

 among dealers as " Ospreys " are procured. 



The majority of the Herons lay eggs of a beautiful groenish-blue 

 colour, but those of many of the Bitterns are white or yellowish- 

 brown. 



Family I. Ardeid^. Hkrons. (Plates XIII., XIV.) 



The Bitterns (Botaurm), of which examples will be found on the rQ^ges 

 floor of Case 33, are seldom found far from marshes; their flight 33,34.] 

 is laboured and slow, but they can run and climb among the water- 

 plants with surprising ease. They frequently attempt to conceal 

 themselves by assuming an upright position with the bill held vertically. 



