PERCHING-BIRD8. Ill 



very similar in ^.ppearance. The common Bell-bird or " Campanero " 

 {C.niveus) (1654) carries on its forehead a long fleshy erectile appendage, 

 ornamented with short white feathers; while C. tricarunculatus (1655) 

 has three long vermiform wattles, one on the base of the bill and two 

 lateral ones at the angles of the gape, and C. variegatus (1657) has the 

 naked throat covered with a beard of long straggling bristles. Only the 

 male Bell-birds bear these ornaments. Their note is loud and clear, 

 like the sound of a bell, and in the stillness of a tropical evening may 

 be heard at a distance of several miles. Other striking forms are 

 the bare-necked Gymnoderus foetidus (1658), which has a decidedly 

 vulturine appearance, the naked-faced Gymnocephalus calvus (1661), 

 the handsome crimson Hcematoderus militaris (1662), and the great 

 Pyroderus scutatus (1664), one of the largest members of the group. 



The second subfamily, Cotingina, includes a number of birds of 

 brilliant plumage, notably the members of the genus Cotinga, of which 

 C. cayana (1674) and C. cincta (1675) are striking examples; the dark 

 crimson Xipholena pompadora (1665), the curious swallow-tailed 

 Phibalura flavirostris (1676), and the diminutive species of lodopleura 

 (1669-76), the smallest birds of the group. 



To the third subfamily, Rupicolince, belong the splendid Cocks-of-the- 

 Rock {Rupicola) (1689-2), with their extraordinary compressed crest, and 

 the Red Chatterers {Phoenicocercus carnifex) (1683). In the males of 

 the former the end of the first flight-feather is curiously attenuated, 

 while in the latter the fourth flight-feather is shortened and terminates 

 in a horny filament. In the breeding-season the males of Rupicola 

 have been observed by Schomburgk to dance with outspread wings and 

 leap into the air before an assembled flock of their kind, much after the 

 manner of Blackgarae. The nest of mud and sticks is fastened to the 

 rocky projections o£ caves, and the eggs are buff" spotted with reddish- 

 brown and lilac, 



Attila thamnophiloides (1684) represents the subfamily Attilina, a 

 dull-coloured group with a strongly hooked bill ; and the fifth subfamily, 

 Lipaugina, an equally sombre-coloured assemblage, includes the genera 

 Lathria (1685), Aulia (1686-7), and two others. 



The sixth subfamily, Tityrinon, is worth noting on account of the 

 excessively short second flight-feather characteristic of the males of the 

 group. Examples will be found in Tityra cayana (1688), Hadrostomus 

 aglaicB (1689), and Pachyrhamphus viridift (1699). 



Family II. PiPRiDiE. Manakins. 



This family comprises about 70 small species, closely related to the [Case 69.1 

 Cotingida, but distinguished by the dififerent scaling of the tarsi and by 

 having the outer and middle toes more closely bound together at the 



