66 



the presence of the organic analogue of the hedonic or pleasure- 

 pain consciousness," 1 and "the analogue of pleasure," it is 

 stated, "is a central excess process which discharges itself in 

 movement." 2 



In Baldwin's 'Development and Evolution', 3 published in 

 1902, the opening chapter deals with ' Psychophysical Evolu- 

 tion', which Baldwin explains to mean the evolution of mind 

 and body together. This is the basis adopted for the classifi- 

 cation of the phenomena of genetic psychology. That the 

 basis is a physiological one is evident in Baldwin's statement 

 that the method to be adopted "on account of the broadening 

 out of the range of discussion is now Biogenetic rather than 

 Psychogenetic." 4 That this leads to considerable confusion, 

 the following selections, dealing with the matter of termin- 

 ology, will show. 



The term psychological is distinguished from the term 

 psychic. The psychic is defined as having to do with individual 

 psychology which deals only with those facts which are facts 

 !to the consciousness in which they occur. 5 "By the psycho- 

 logical, " on the other hand, Baldwin says, " I mean the mental 

 of any grade, viewed from the outside; that is, viewed as a 

 definite set or series of phenomena in consciousness, recognized 

 as facts, and as 'worth while' as any other facts in nature." 6 

 "The flow of the psychic, we find, however,* * * is conditioned 

 upon physiological processes and functions those of the brain 

 and other organs." 7 "But now, and this is the essential point 

 to remark in our present connection, so soon as we ask the 

 psychophysical question of genesis that of the development 

 and evolution of mind and body taken together pursuing the 

 biogenetic method, this limitation no longer rises to trouble 

 us.^ We include all psychophysical facts as such in the defi- 

 nition of our science. Changes in mind and body go on 

 together, and together they constitute the phenomena. Both 

 organic and mental states and functions may be appealed to 

 in our endeavour to trace the psychophysical series of events 

 as such, since both are objective to the spectator, the scientific 

 observer." 8 



KXC. p. 167. 

 2 O.C. p. 186. 

 JJ. M. Baldwin, "Development and Evolution", The Macmillan Co. 



5 O'.C pp. 4-5. 

 6 O.C. p. 4. 

 7 O.C. p. 8. 

 8 Ibid. 



