things, and the analogy which he uses of the lover being drawn to 

 the beloved is none the less metaphorical. If there was a dualism 

 in the system of Plato, the same may be said of the doctrine of 

 Aristotle; indeed, there, it is even more apparent perhaps, because 

 it evidences itself not only in his doctrine of the prime mover and 

 the world, but also in his belief in an intractable contingency or 

 irrational element within the world, as well as in his doctrine of 

 Active and Passive Reason. 



Again, there is a misuse of words amounting to a logical incon- 

 sistency in Aristotle, for he applies the term "form" to denote the 

 result of abstraction and continues to use the same term in the 

 phrase "pure form ", referring to the prime mover. But it is not by 

 a process of abstraction that Aristotle reaches this latter concep- 

 tion; the prime mover is, with him, rather a postulate, it is pre- 

 dicated as a completion of the development, and, since it is not 

 obtained in a way similar to that in which the forms of things are 

 determined, the word, form, even though modified by the adjective 

 pure, cannot consistently be applied to the prime mover. 



In one outstanding respect, the conclusions of Aristotle differ 

 from those of Plato. For the latter, there are many Ideas, though, 

 of course, there is one highest archetype, the Idea of the Good, 

 while for Aristotle there is but one prime mover. In other respects 

 the results of the speculation of these two great thinkers are, after 

 all, not so cliverse. Though each started out in his investigations 

 upon apparently opposite roads, yet the final destination of each is 

 practically the same. 



Having thus passed in review the teachings of these three great 

 thinkers, it is now possible to approach the question, what is 

 philosophy. A definition of science resulted from an analysis of 

 the data and method of early science; and now, in the same way, a 

 definition of philosophy should result from an analysis of the mater- 

 ial presented above. That Plato and Aristotle used the word, 

 philosophy, in a double sense is significant. It shows that, in their 

 day, a process of differentiation was going on, and that, as a result, 

 the word, philosophy, was being given a new meaning. And yet, 

 since the older meaning still survived and indeed has remained for 

 long in use, it would be wrong to ignore that use of the word. 

 Philosophy in that sense, it has been seen, was synonymous with 



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