science. The different special sciences were likewise special 

 philosophies. 



But there arose, as has been seen, a new meaning for the term 

 and it is this that must be determined. First of all, it must be 

 stated that philosophy, the term is now used in its newer sense, 

 is a specific study evolving from a more general intellectual attitude. 

 Such an attitude, since it is strictly speaking not correct to call it 

 either science or philosophy, we have called "science-philosophy". 

 From this science-philosophy, or general observation of phenomena, 

 there have been differentiated special studies, which have been 

 designated special sciences, and then, from these disciplines, there 

 arises, because of their diversity, the necessity of another investiga- 

 tion having the content and the mode of procedure of these disci- 

 plines as its subject-matter. This investigation is philosophy, in 

 that strict usage of the term by which it is differentiated from the 

 special scientific disciplines. Thus, the Trpcorr; 0iXo0-o</>ta becomes 

 last philosophy. 



An examination of the material presented above shows that 

 philosophy, even in its historic beginnings, approached this subject- 

 matter with the true scientific spirit. If science be an attempt to 

 describe and explain facts, then philosophy too is a science. The 

 facts with which it deals are, however, not the facts of any one 

 special science. Philosophy takes as its subject-matter the content 

 and method of procedure of all the sciences. And so it may be said 

 that philosophy approaches the facts of life, including tbose of 

 scientific knowledge and procedure, and endeavours to co-ordinate 

 them all in a comprehensive, self-consistent theory. 



The work of Plato and that of Aristotle were just such attempts. 

 Socrates, however, appears to have made no attempt to form such a 

 view, since he was mainly concerned with a definite set of data, viz., 

 the ethical. Vet, because he had a wonderful influence upon Plato 

 and Aristotle, and, through them, upon succeeding philosophy, 

 he deserves an even more important place in the history of philo- 

 sophy than has generally been accorded him. His own particular 

 work, however, was that of a special scientist. He was a student 

 of a special territory of knowledge to which the word, ethics, has 

 been given, and, in that he emphasized if not first formulated the 

 scientific method of obtaining concepts and definitions, he is worthy, 

 too, of a prominent position in all histories of science. 



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