CAVE-DWELLEES. 9 



Mr. Prestwich* has indeed cited the remains of Eeindeer associated with 

 worked flints in the Quaternary beds of the " Drift " at Bedford, in England, 

 at Menchecourt near Abbeville, and at Clichy near Paris, in Prance. More 

 recently we have seen a well-preserved bone, undoubtedly referable to the 

 Eeindeer, from the High-level Valley-gravels of St. Acheul t. The Eeindeer 

 had also been found in this gravel of the Valley of the Oise, at Viry-Noureuil 

 near Chauny (Aisne), where M. 1'Abbe" Lambert collected a good number of 

 teeth and bones of Elephas antiquus, Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros ticho- 

 rhinus, Megaceros Hibernicm, Ovibos moschatus, Hycena spelcea, &c., as well 

 as the remains of a small Bear which certainly was not (although so stated) 

 the Great Cave-bear (Ursus spelceus). 



We will remark, further, that remains of Eeindeer have been noticed by our 

 lamented and esteemed friend Dr. Palconer, in his Memoir on the Bone-caves 

 in the Peninsula of Gower in South Wales, where the fauna seems to be 

 comparatively very ancient, from the considerable proportion there met with 

 of bones of Rhinoceros heniitoecli'us and Elephas antiquus two species which, 

 in the opinion of the great palaeontologist we are citing, have characterized 

 especially the earlier part of the Quaternary Period $. 



As for the parallelism that has been thought to be established between the 

 organic deposits of the Caverns and the fossiliferous beds of the " Diluvium," it has 

 no real support but the affinity found on comparison of the pala3ontological 

 characters. If some are inclined to attribute to the works of human industry 

 found in the " Diluvium," or " Drift," a date more ancient than to those occurring 

 in Caves with a similar association of animal remains, we are obliged to remark 

 that such a proposition, expressed as a systematic generalization, is not justifiable 

 in any point of view. It is not illogical to suppose that the men who manu- 

 factured the worked flints of St. Acheul, Abbeville, Hoxne, Bedford, &c., may, at 

 one time or another, have inhabited caverns, where they would have left traces of 

 their sojourn, whether in the products of their industry or in the remains of the 

 animals they had eaten. 



Caves were in truth the first shelter which primitive Man would choose, whether 



* " On the Geological Position and Age of the Flint-implement-hearing Beds, &c.," Phil. Trans. 1864, 

 Part II. pp. 94, 254. See also Buteux, ' Esquisso Geol. Dep. Somme,' 1849, pp. 101, 102. 



t A Calcaneum of a Eeindeer was obtained at St. Acheul by Mr. H. Christy on one of his latest visits 

 there, in company with H. L. Lartet. The latter, also, brought thence two plates of a molar of Elephas 

 antiquus. Since then M. E. Lartet has had remains of Eeindeer from the "Drift" of the Oise, near 

 Compiegne. 



t Falconer, " On the Ossiferous Caves of the Peninsula of Gower, &c.," Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvi. 



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