22 KELIQULE 



The Ibex and the Chamois, now only found on the higher peaks of the Alps and 

 the Pyrenees, then dwelt on the neighbouring hills ; the Wild Boar was scarce, or but 

 little eaten. In fine, with the exception of the Horse, the fauna tends to a northern 

 grouping, in which a species of Spermophile plays its tiny but significant part. 



That these rock-dwellers fared not badly in other matters of food is proved 

 by the many bones of Birds and of Salmon which are mixed with the refuse. 

 Nor, as regards quantity, was there any great struggle for existence, as is shown 

 by the many bones massed in the breccia (where the infiltration of water charged 

 with lime or iron has massed the deposits into a more or less solid conglomerate), 

 and which remain articulated, showing that some parts, such as the foot, for 

 instance, were not closely eaten. 



Works of Art of the Cave-dwellers. With these evidences of easy living, it is 

 not surprising to find there was leisure for less necessary work, and that spare 

 time found occupation in works of pleasure, as instanced in the sketches and sculp- 

 ture before alluded to. And it is curious to trace how they passed from the simple 

 exercise of industry to ornament, and at last to something of art ; for such may 

 well be termed the sculptured poniard-handle, representing the figure of a 

 Reindeer, and which, whilst clever in its adaptation of the material to the purpose 

 intended, preserves at the same time all the characteristics of the animal. It is to 

 be regretted that this example, so remarkable for its period, is but an unfinished 

 essay, unless it be here as it has been sometimes found in more modern times, that 

 the genius of the artist was more conspicuous in the clay than in the marble, in 

 the sketch than in the finished picture. 



With these early cave-dwellers the art of painting was, as far as we know, limited 

 to that favourite aboriginal colour, red. Various pieces of soft red hematite, 

 covered with scratches, indicate how they scraped off a red powder, which, 

 mixed with grease, would furnish as good means of personal adornment as is em- 

 ployed by many Indians at the present day. And that they were not insensible to 

 the charms of sound as well as sight, may be inferred from their having made 

 whistles out of phalangeal bones of the Reindeer or Chamois ; these have been 

 found in more than one Station. 



Teeth of animals (the Reindeer, Horse, Aurochs, and some others), as well 

 as Shells of several species, drilled, and in some cases cut ornamentally, have been 

 found in several of the Stations, and no doubt have been worn either as ornaments 

 or as amulets. 



That these rude people had communication with the outer world, or were them- 



