yg KELIQUIJE AQUITANIC^E. 



the two triangles before mentioned. The upper orbital border is thin and overhangs the lower, which is 

 thick ; and, lastly, the vertical diameter of the orbital opening is much less than the transverse. There was, 

 then, a small eye, sunken in a flat orbit, giving rise to a sombre expression efface. 



As for the nose, here the frontal processes of the upper maxillary are somewhat curved inwards ; 

 the root of the nose is broad and deeply hollowed. The nostrils, under a blunt and upturned nose, 

 are broad, opening out downwards and sideways. The spina nasalis has been apparently reduced since 

 interment. Altogether, then, we have here a nose deviating, in spite of some prominence of its ridge, 

 considerably from the Aryan type in its general characters. It was a nose widely open to the winds, as it 

 were, to scent its prey. 



In harmony with what precedes, the sockets of the incisors, flattened anteriorly, are suddenly directed 

 forward whence result a prognathism comparable to that of our existing savages, and a broad sensual 

 mouth. 



Lastly a pointed chin, rather square, and prominent from age, helps us to complete our sketch of the 

 physiognomic features of this old skull. 



Looking at the profile (C. Plate I. fig. 1), -we recognize in this skull the retreating forehead and the 

 lateral compression behind the orbital processes, and consequently the triangular form of the temporal fossa, 

 which is short compared with, the size of the skull. We also notice the strong zygomatic arches below, 

 swollen out externally, with the upper border descending from in front backwards. The lower root of the 

 zygoma continues backwards, as a sharp ridge, as far as the temporal plate. Below this ridge a wide and deep 

 fossa separates off the mastoid process. The temples, flat and very wide in every direction, are bordered 

 above by the semicircular lines, which, in their posterior moiety, encroach considerably on the crown, 

 without, however, coming nearer together than 89 millimetres. Placed behind the auditory canal, the 

 parietal eminence, though comprised within the semicircular lines, stands out from the skull on account of 

 its size. Lastly, if the parietals come down a little below the semicircular lines vertically towards the 

 temples, it is nearly the same with their descent towards the occiput, where their lateral surface bulges 

 out, whilst their hinder portion is flattened. This disposition of the parietals produces, on the one hand 

 the square shape of the crown, and, on the other, it is the cause why the occiput retreats only oelow. 



Seen from behind (C. Plate III. fig. 1), the cranium shows its great width at the parietal eminences, 

 which are here very visible, its nearly pentagonal outline, and parietal flatness. The free portion of the occipital 

 plate, broad and short, descends almost to the level of the posterior curve of the parietals ; consequently 

 there is no occipital protuberance. 



At the base of the cranium (C. Plate II. fig. 2), the muscular portion of the occipital plate joins its 

 upper portion at a right angle. The contour of the former approaches a semicircle rather than an ellipse. 

 The occipital protuberance is scarcely indicated, though the superior curved line presents a somewhat 

 prominent ridge. In other respects, except two slight lateral elevations, the surface is nearly horizontal 

 and deeply hollowed for the attachment of muscles. The mastoid processes are of a rather uncommon 

 thickness, rounded, conical, and laterally prominent, but rather short in comparison with their thickness. 

 The digastric fossa is narrow and deep ; and the postcondyloid fossa is also deep. The foramen magnum 

 is damaged at its anterior edge ; still we may say that it was elliptical, and, for the size of the skull, 

 rather contracted than broad. This contraction is increased laterally by the prominence of the two- 

 facetted condyles which project into the hollow. The level of the foramen passes a little above the roof 

 of the palate. Two-thirds of the foramen lie behind the auditory passages, which are elliptically broad. 

 The styloid process appears to have been very slender indeed. The glenoid cavities are deep, and short 

 from side to side, leading us to suppose that the condyles of the lower jaw were conical. The basilar 



