HUMAN BONES IN THE CAVE OF CRO-MAGNON. 77 



portion of the occiput is narrow, flat, and hollow in the middle of its inner surface. The pterygoid processes 

 of the sphenoid are greatly inclined ; and the external much exceed the internal processes in width. 



The form of the palate is remarkable by its slight depth, by the nearness of the dental series (the width 

 between the molars being only 35 millims.), and by the extreme projection of the incisal region. Not less 

 remarkable is the smallness of all the foramina giving passage to vessels and nerves, excepting that of the 

 right jugular vein. Lastly, we may note a slight asymmetry of the nasal septum, and the great projection 

 of the os petrosum into the cavity of the skull. 



The lower jaw (Plate I.), left to itself, rests on the middle of its under edge, whilst the chin and the 

 posterior angle are in the air. Excepting the ramus, its body is not large. The under edge is thick in the 

 molar region, and thins away considerably at its posterior third, where the outer surface of the ramus is 

 deeply hollowed for the attachment of the masticatory muscles. The ramus has a rather uncommon 

 breadth ; and its angle, rounded at the edge, is very slightly bent outwards. The coronoid process appears 

 to have been short ; the sigmoid notch is wide and rather shallow. The form of the dentary arc is trian- 

 gular, and the length occupied by the teeth (measured inside) is 58 millims. (2-303 in.). The last molars 

 are hidden behind the ramus. The incisors are much compressed laterally, as well as the canine, the 

 alveolus of which projects. Judging from the sockets, the molars were large and of the normal size, the 

 wisdom-tooth being smaller than the others and with two fangs. On the inner surface, the mylo-hyoidean 

 attachments are very wide and deep, and the mental processes are very prominent. Altogether the lower 

 jaw, like the temporal region, gives evidence of a powerful masticatory apparatus. 



A slight want of symmetry in the chin (the left side predominating) corresponds with that of the nasal 

 septum. The squareness of the chin is more evident on its inner than on its outer surface. Lastly, the 

 length of the horizontal body of the jaw corresponds with the widening of the ramus. 



Arrived at this stage of the physiognomical examination, I have to remark that the greatest height of the 

 skull is at the point where the parietals begin to descend towards the occiput, and the greatest breadth is 

 behind this point (that is, at the parietal eminences). As for the dimensions and the relative diameters, I 

 must refer to the Table of Measurements annexed (page 90). 



With regard to the sutures of the skull, we cannot form an absolute opinion from what remains. The 

 small traces of the sagittal and of the lambdoid still visible present coarse but deep toothing ; and there is a 

 little Wormian bone in the sagittal suture. Lastly, I ought to remark that the thickness of the skull does not 

 appear to be considerable, 



2. THE CRANIUM OF AN ADULI MALE: SKULL No. 2. [C. PLATE III. figs. 2 & 3; AND C. PLATE IV.J 

 This skull is imperfect, there remaining only a very incomplete calvarium (that is to say, the frontal, 

 the parietals with the edge of the wing of the sphenoid, and a part of the occiput) and the arch of a 

 lower jaw, without teeth, which appears to belong to this skull. These bones are well preserved, but have 

 a reddish colour. The greatest thickness (at the occiput) is 7 millims. The sutures are still visible 

 throughout. The coronal is nearly straight, and on the left side makes a reentrant angle in the parietal 

 bone. This skull, then, belonged to an individual, if not young, at least still in the prime of life. As for 

 its volume and shape, this skull is like the foregoing, except in some particulars which I proceed to 

 point out. 



The upper rim of the orbit is thick ; the superciliary arches are more prominent and longer than in the 

 old man's skull, but just as much united at the glabclla. The subglabellar depression is therefore deeper. 

 The forehead is swollen above, and the frontal eminences are but slightly indicated ; the space between them 

 is 61 millims. (2-402 in.). Moreover the lateral slope of the forehead towards the crown is well marked. 



