HUMAN BONES IN THE CAVE OF CfiO-MAGNON. 79 



man, and not so depressed at the root. The nostrils are very large and smooth at their lateral and inferior rim, 

 as also in the man ; and there is the same flatness of the anterior surface of the alveoli of the incisors ; hut the 

 sockets are rather shallower, and there is less prognathism. The malar process of the maxillary is smooth, 

 broad, and high, and hut slightly turned out at its lower edge. There is the same shallowness of the palate 

 as in the Old Man. From these details it results that the face of this skull is pyramidal in a high degree. 



As the cranial cavity is open (C. Plate V. fig. 1), it shows the strong projection of the petrous bone 

 within. Externally (fig. 2) we can see in profile the mastoid process, short and convex outwards, the 

 digastric fossa larger than in the Old Man, the submastoid fossa also deep, but the temporal ridge, behind 

 the zygomatic arch, less prominent and smoother. 



Looking at the occiput, we observe the parietal eminences above, which are smaller than in the skulls 

 of the men ; and the parietal flattening is less visible than in No. 1. 



In the skull No. 1 there are some alterations from disease ; and in this female skull I have to 

 notice an injury from violence. In the region of the right frontal eminence is a penetrating wound, 

 which, inflicted during life, has cicatrized on its edges, as is plainly seen. This wound, traversing 

 obliquely the right frontal eminence, has a narrow lozenge-shape ; and one of the lance-heads of chipped 

 flint found in the Cave perfectly fits it. Moreover, on the left side of the skull the two anterior thirds of 

 the temporal region are wanting, and the remaining edges of the parietal and frontal have such an 

 appearance as leaves us in doubt whether the present condition of this part of the skull is due to injury 

 during life or to subsequent damage. This woman was killed, perhaps, whilst pregnant ; for, as above 

 noticed (pages 70 and 73), there were found, associated with the other human bones, fragments of a skull 

 and some of the long bones of a foetus. 



4. DIFFERENT FRAGMENTS BELONGING TO THE SKULLS Nos. 2 and 4. 



I proceed to mention first a small fragment of the occiput, which seems to have belonged to cranium 

 No. 2, because the protuberance here projects much more than in the other two skulls and is much 

 flattened. Below the occipital protuberance the muscular impressions are very deep, as in specimen 

 No. 1 (see page 76). 



All the other cranial fragments appear to me to have belonged to one skull. First, there are some 

 pieces of the frontal and the parietals, with a thickness reaching 10 millims., contrary to what we have 

 observed in the perfect skulls. These remains must, for another reason, have belonged to the skull of an 

 individual of some age ; for the coronal suture is almost wholly closed ; so also the sagittal on its inner 

 surface, and this suture, as in the other skulls, is somewhat raised on the external surface. 



Next, the left side of an upper jaw is worth mentioning. This still retains the second premolar and the 

 two foremost molars ; these are very much worn on the crown. They are large, very white, and strongly 

 enamelled. As in the female skull, No. 3, the first premolar had two fangs. The sockets of the teeth are 

 short ; and are less inclined, and the breadth of the nostrils less marked. The spina nasalis, damaged in 

 the other specimens, is here well preserved ; it is short, broad, and somewhat pointed. Lastly, the palatine 

 vault is slightly hollow; it is expanded in front, arched along the median line, and marked with 

 longitudinal crests near the alveolar border. 



Lastly, a small piece of the right side of the lower jaw retains three molars. The first two are large, and 

 worn in the same manner and to the same degree as those of the upper jaw. The wisdom-tooth, smaller 

 than the others, is still retained in its socket in consequence of the anomalous growth of its fangs (very 

 large and curved backward). 



Altogether, excepting this last-mentioned anomaly and the two-fanged condition of the first upper pre- 



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