80 KELIQULE AQUITANKLE. 



molar, the fine and strong dentition of these individuals shows no deviation from what we see in other 

 jaws of the prehistoric period. 



[For the measurements of the Skulls, see the Explanations of C. Plates I.-V.] 



CHAPTER II. 

 BONES OF THE SKELETON. 



1. PELVIS. 



All that remains of pelves, attributable to four individuals, is very fragmentary. The best preserved, on 

 account of the stalagmitic coating, is that of the Old Man. 



a. The Old Man's Pelvis. 



There are two coxal bones (ossa innominata), both imperfect at the ilium above and at the tuberosity 

 of the ischium below. That of the right side is more complete than the other. 



The principal characters are as follows. What strikes one at first sight is the great size in relation 

 to that of the skull : indeed everything here has reference to the extent of the bony surfaces. As 

 peculiarities I may notice : the deep excavation of the ilium and the transparency of its fossa ; the 

 enormous expanse of the ilio-sacral articulation ; the great breadth of the ilio-pectineal eminence ; the 

 thickness of the symphysis and the prominence of the spine of the pubes ; the contraction upwards of the 

 ischiatic notch ; and the large size of the acetabulum. Moreover the anterior-inferior spine of the ilium 

 is very high and flattened ; the posterior spines are broad, thick, and convex. The horizontal axis of the 

 acetabulum being directed rather more inwards than usual, the thighs must have been near together above 

 and separated below. The ilium being imperfect at top, we cannot determine its inclination with 

 the horizon. Nevertheless, judging from its lower two-thirds, its inclination must be less than what 

 is found to be the case in the European or even in the Laplander. 



As for the dimensions of the pelvic cavity, it is impossible to determine them from these fragments. We 

 can here give only some measurements taken from separate bones. The acetabulum is 54 millimetres high, 

 and 51 broad. The general height of the pelvis must have been 200 millims. or more, since what remains 

 gives 150 millims. The thickness of the pubis is 24 millimetres ; that of the ischiatic tuberosity above 

 31 millimetres ; and the breadth of the body of the ischium is 84 millimetres. 



But in spite of the size and massive structure of the pelvic bones, it would seem that the upper part of 

 the pelvis was not very spacious, on account of the excessive amplitude of the ilio-sacral articulation, which 

 has a breadth of 88 and a height of 81 millimetres, whilst the distance from the anterior edge of this 

 articulation to the subcotyloid notch is only 74 millims. This may give an approximate idea of the 

 narrowness of the upper part of the pelvis, especially if we add that the distance from the arch of the pubes 

 to the front edge of the articulation above mentioned is 102 millimetres in a straight line. 



Lastly, the curvature of the ilio-pectineal and pectineal eminences being slightly marked, the transverse 

 diameter of the pelvis could not have attained the normal length, unless the sacrum had been exceptionally 

 broad ; and this we proceed to prove by the specimen next to be described. 



b. Sacrum, 



This specimen, belonging probably to a male in the vigour of life, wants its fifth vertebra. What 

 particularly strikes us in this sacrum is its breadth. It is 122 millims. broad above, and 57 below at 



