HUMAN BONES IN THE CAVE OF CRO-MAGNON. 83 



b. Tibia. [C. PLATE VI. fig. 3.] 



Of four tibias three are imperfect, and one whole. This latter corresponds with the but-end of the femur 

 last described ; and very probably those two bones and the Skull No. 2 belonged to the same man. Thin 

 tibia, which is very massive and long, presents some peculiarities which arc in correlation with those of the 

 thigh-bones. First, its direction is oblique from within outwards ; then, less prismatic and more com- 

 pressed laterally than a normal tibia. This bone presents on its outer face a deep excavation marked by 

 a very prominent ridge ; this hollow has reference to the same feature observable in the only fibula obtained 

 from the Cave. By the lateral compression the exterior surface is enlarged at the expense of the posterior, 

 so that the breadth of the latter is reduced at one point to 21| millims., whilst the antero-posterior diameter 

 is 43 millimetres. 



The length of the tibia is 380, the breadth of the articulation is 80, and the circumference above the 

 joint is 150 millims. 



The right tibia belonging to the skeleton of the Old Man is also compressed laterally above. The 

 excavation on the outer surface is here rather shallower, and the ridge, marking it towards the posterior 

 surface, is rather less prominent than in the foregoing case ; but there are in this region papillary pro- 

 jections, which would appear, in part at least, to have been due to disease. The transverse diameter is 

 reduced to 18 millims. ; the antero-posterior is 47 millims. 



Another lower end of a tibia of the right side presents no excavation on the outer face. There are, 

 however, some papillary growths of bone observable above the fibular notch. 



Lastly, another distal end, left side, smaller than the others, also shows the excavation on its outer face. 



c. Fibula. [C. PLATE VI. fig. 4.] 



This bone, very much excavated, measures 385 millims. in length. Its greatest breadth is 18 millims. 

 In place of being straight, it is slightly curved, like the bow of a violin. 



d. Bones of the Fuot. 



A right calcaneum belongs without doubt to the skeleton of the Old Man. Compared with that of a 

 man above middle height, it is larger in every direction, but notably in length. There is here one 

 exceeding 7 millimetres in length, of which 4 go to the articular portion, and 3 to the talon. The superior 

 articular surfaces are flatter, and therefore the groove is shallower. The two inner facets are united, 

 and the upper one is longest. The lower surface is less excavated and flatter ; and its two tuberosities are 

 less prominent. On the internal surface the groove is very large ; but the little process is less prominent. 



Of two astragali, the left is larger than the right one; and the latter has the neck very short. If, then, 

 the os calcis has an excess of length, the first of these astragali has an excess of breadth of 10 millims. 



In two scaphoids the anterior articular surfaces are rather indistinct : the tubercle is very much rounded, 

 and presents no facets for the cuboid. 



The cuboid, also large in every sense, surpasses, in its length of 6 millims., the modern specimen which 

 serves as a term of comparison. 



In breadth the three cuneiforms also have an excess of 6 millims. 



The first metatarsal has a papillary aspect on its upper surface. The articular pulley is flattened below 

 and much elongated (as is also another specimen which is imperfect). The length of this bone has an 

 excess of 5, and the breadth at the articulations of 2 millims. 



There is a first phalange of the great toe ; and its length surpasses by 2 millims., and the breadth of the 

 articular tubercles by 3 to 4 millims. the specimen of comparison. Independently of the swelling of the 

 articulations, the inferior articulation offers a rough surface. 



