HUMAN BONES IN THE CAVE OF CEO-MAGNON. 89 



My answer to this can be only suggestive ; for, as concerns the Ougrian peoples 

 specifically, we have not at our command any Vogul, Tcheremiss, Syryain, 

 Mordvine, Votyak, or Ostyak skulls; and I can compare the old skulls only 

 with those modern specimens we have. 



Passing in review the modern Mongoloid skulls that are in the Jardin des 

 Plantes, I am struck with the analogy which the existing Esthonian cranium 

 presents to that of the old Cave-folk. Among the four skulls from Esthonia, 

 one is abnormal from premature synostosis. Of the three others, two are 

 modern, and one, taken from a tomb at E-eval, is older. Of these three 

 normal skulls, two are male, and one female. Of the two former the cephalic 

 index of the modern one is 835, and that of the ancient one is 779; in the 

 female specimen it is as low as 718. This last is consequently dolichocephalic 

 in a high degree, more so even than the Perigordian skulls. This first difficulty 

 removed, we see what remains : excepting the volume, everything that distin- 

 guishes the Esthonian from his Finnish brother, whether in general conformation, 

 or in details, is found in the skulls from Perigord. My statements may be verified 

 by those who have no Esthonian materials at command ; for there is a very fully 

 detailed description incorporated by the lamented Prichard in his ' Researches on 

 the Physical History of Mankind.' Any one consequently may with advantage 

 compare Hueck's plates and description* with ours, and form a judgment with 

 a full knowledge of the case. 



Altogether, what I wish to affirm is that the skull from Perigord much 

 resembles the Esthonian ; but it may well be identical with others of the high 

 north, and of which we have as yet no knowledge. Thus, to cite one example, 

 M. von Baer informs us that the Vogul skull is, in the main, dolichocephalic. 

 So also, according to all travellers, the skulls of the Siberian peoples are very 

 large in relation to the stature of the individuals ; and indeed a Toungouse and a 

 Ghiliak skull each gave me a measurement of 550 millimetres for their circum- 

 ference, lastly, an Esquimaux skull long held the place of honour, for its size, 

 in Morton's collection. 



"Who would be bold enough to assert that the volume of the Perigordian skull 

 is a faithful expression of the cranial type of a whole people ? On the contrary, 

 we have here evidently to do with a family, rather than with an entire tribe ; and 

 this character might be exceptional here as it is elsewhere. At all events let us 

 wait for other facts to clear up the subject. 



We must remark, however, that a cranial volume, as in the two men, of 580 



* Dr. Alex. Hueck, ' Dissert, inaug. de Craniis Esthonum,' Dorpat, 1838. 



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