90 EELIQUM: AQUITANKLE. 



millims. (horizontal circumference) rarely occurs now-a-days. Among modern 

 specimens I know only a skull of a Croat (580 millims.) and one of a Yoloff 

 Negro (575 millims.) which have such dimensions. It is otherwise with some 

 ancient crania which I regard as Celtic ; for here such a volume is not rare. 

 Altogether, the volume of the Pe"rigord skull by no means obliges us to refer it to 

 any other than some of the existing races of the North. This opinion gains 

 some weight when the cranial volume is contrasted with the stature, as far as we 

 can judge from the extremities, pelvis, and vertebrae. At least, if we take the 

 length of the femur among the old Pe" rigor d folk as 50 centimetres, we see at 

 once that among modern races the length of the femur, even in some females, 

 exceeds this ; and yet their cranium is very far from attaining a circumference 

 of 58 centims. On the other hand, the ancient Finnish female of Solutre", 

 whose femur is 46 centims. long, and whose pelvis is really enormous, has a 

 cranial circumference of 53 centims.; and this corresponds very nearly with that 

 of the Perigordian. It may be asked, however, If the stature of this Cave- 

 dweller approached 6 feet, how can he be classed among the Mongoloid peoples 

 of the North, especially the Esthonians (who have at the present day a sorry 

 constitution and dwarf stature, particularly near Dorpat, where they drag out a 

 miserable existence in hard serfdom) ? We must take into consideration the fol- 

 lowing circumstances, here briefly stated. Eirst, such is the information given by 

 two competent judges, MM. von Baer and Hueck. Secondly, further north, where 

 they are in a better condition, the Esthonians have a finer size and aspect, as also 

 the Eins, among whom there are some as tall as the Swedes, and whose average 

 height is 5'7 English feet (J. B. Davis). Thirdly, we must remember, too, that 

 the great stature which we are discussing occurs only in two men among the 

 Perigordian Cave-folk, and that there is, among four persons, at least one female 

 of low stature, as I have shown by the examination of the pelvis &c. 



My anatomical review would be very defective without again alluding to the 

 pelvis, a portion of the skeleton which, after the skull, is the next important 

 characteristic of the races of men. That of the Old Man at Cro-Magnon, which 

 is the most perfect, is remarkable for its massiveness, for the deep excavation of 

 its iliac fossa, for the great extent of the ilio-sacral articulation, for the pro- 

 minence of the spine of the pubis, &c. ; in two others we noticed the considerable 

 breadth of the ilio-pectineal eminence, the breadth and slight concavity of the 

 sacrum, all of which characters at one time I have noticed in the pelvis of a 

 Lap, the only one I have of a northern race. 



As for the characters of the hand and foot in the Perigord skeletons, there 



