CKO-MAGNON SKULLS AND BONES. 99 



as dissimilar modern races differ one from another. The contrast is complete, 

 not only when we look at the conformation and volume of the head, but also if 

 we look at the form and dimensions of the bones of the limbs. 



II. REMARKS ON THE AGES AND SEXES OF THE THREE INDIVIDUALS, AND THE GEITERAL CHARACTERS OP THE 



CBO-MAGNON KACE. 



The greater part of the Human Bones found at Cro-Magnon belonged to three individuals. There are 

 three skulls, one of which is perfect. No one skeleton is complete ; but the bones of the trunk and the 

 limbs, classed according to their form, colour, and density, fall into three groups, which, according to the 

 same characters, correspond to the three skulls respectively. There are also some small fragments of an 

 adult cranium, and others of an infant's cranium. The number of bodies laid in this Cave was therefore not 

 less than five ; and everything goes to prove there were no more. It is therefore not impossible that all 

 these individuals belonged to the same family. 



We need here treat of only three of these, the others being represented by only very insignificant remains. 



1. Individual "No. 1." This skeleton, the skull* of which is complete excepting a part of the lower 

 jaw, is that of an old man. The bones of the face are incrusted with stalagmite. All the sutures were 

 closed long before death. The lambdoid suture is still visible; but the coronal is entirely effaced, as 

 well as the anterior portion of the sagittal. It results that the exact determination of the bregma is 

 impossible ; but I think that I recognize a trace of itf. In spite of the advanced age of this old man, 

 nearly all the teeth were still in pjace at the time of death ; they have fallen out since, and have not been 

 discovered ; the inner fang of the second right molar alone remains. In consequence of the crown of this 

 grinder having been almost completely worn away by use, the remaining fang had been separated from the 

 two others, which have fallen out. The flat top of this old worn fang is oblique from below upwards and from 

 without inwards. It is an indication of old age, the other teeth also having necessarily been well worn. 



The loss of the teeth has been posthumous, because the sockets have not cicatrized ; but it took place 

 before the incrustation, for this extends into the sockets. Everything, indeed, leads us to believe that this 

 old man's teeth were not firmly fixed ; for the sockets are wide and shallow, some evidently wider than the 

 fangs, a condition common when teeth have been reduced to stumps, particularly in old people, and not at all 

 referable to the presence of caries in the teeth or in the alveolar process. 



To the skull No. 1 corresponds the group of the largest of all the bones found. We refer in particular to 

 two thigh-bones, a tibia, and several ribs of extraordinary thickness. One of the femurs presents at its 

 lower portion, immediately above the condyles, a shallow, well-defined depression, very old and evidently 

 pathologic, resulting from a blow of a very hard body, forcing the compact outer plate into the spongy 

 interior, without breaking the whole bone. I see reason to believe that this injury was caused by a smooth 

 projectile, thrown perhaps by a sling ; for our spent bullets sometimes produce similar injuries. The blow of 

 a horn or antler, or of an Elephant's tusk, might probably have produced the same effect. 



2. The Slcull " No. 2." This belonged to a female, whose age I suppose to have been only from thirty- 

 five to forty years, although the ossification of the sutures was far advanced. The bones of the cranial vault 



On the lower part of the frontal bone, on the right side, is a large superficial erosion, which does not 

 appear to me to present the characters of a pathological lesion, but seems to have been produced, after 

 death, by physical causes in the cave. 



t This I have marked with pencil on the skull ; but I may be in error as much as 2 or 3 millimetres. 



