CRO-MAGNON SKULLS AND BONES. 101 



It is evident that the sutural obliteration has proceeded from front to back; having begun with the 

 coronal, it next affected the sagittal, and had not time to influence the lambdoid. Comparing this condition 

 with that of the two former skulls (in which also we saw the anterior sutures more obliterated than the 

 posterior), we recognize among the Cro-Magnon people, as among the lower races of the present day, the 

 ordinary obliteration of the sutures from before backwards. 



I believe we may associate with this skull " No. 3 " a detached fragment, consisting of the alveolar arcade 

 and the palatine process of the left upper maxillary bone. Three teeth are still implanted in it namely, 

 the second premolar, and the first and second molars. All have been much used, particularly the first 

 molar. As in the other cases, these teeth are worn from below upwards and from without inwards. 



The group of bones of the trunk and limbs, which we believe to belong to the skeleton " No. 3," are not 

 so well characterized as are the other two groups, the colour and density of the bones being less uniform. 

 It is possible that some may belong to a fourth, and even to a fifth skeleton ; the fragment of jaw, however, 

 seems to me to belong to " No. 3." 



In accordance with the foregoing explanations, we shall designate " No. 1" as " The Old Man," " No. 2 " 

 as " The Woman," and " No. 3 " as " The Adult Man." 



III. KEMAEKS ON THE THBEE INDIVIDUALS ABOVE DESCEIBED. 

 1. General Remarks. 



These three individuals, though necessarily presenting notable differences among themselves, possess 

 very many features of resemblance, which clearly establish their affinity, and characterize them as a 

 particular race, different from all others at present known. They were of lofty stature ; their bones are 

 robust ; their tibias are flattened transversely ; their femurs present immediately below the region of the 

 trochanters a somewhat irregular curve ; their cubiti have a relatively shallow sigmoid hollow, and present 

 at the top below the coronoid process a manifest concavity facing forward. Their pelvis is very broad. 

 Lastly, the skull is very large, and markedly dolichocephalic. This dolichocephalism is not due to narrow- 

 ness of the cranium (the breadth of which, on the contrary, is considerable), but to its great length. 

 The orbital arches of the men are very much developed ; the root of the nose is very much depressed ; the 

 forehead is broad, vertical, and convex, particularly on its median line ; the temporal regions are not 

 prominent ; the greatest breadth of the skull corresponds with a line near the level of the parietal 

 prominences, much above the level of the auricular regions ; and the profile of the skull gives the form of an 

 elongated ellipse, of which the anterior or frontal extremity is well developed, whilst its posterior or 

 occipital end is still more broadly convex. 



These characters are common to all the three individuals. As " No. 3 " wants the bones of the face we 

 cannot carry the parallel further, the more so as " Nos. 1 " and " 2 " are of different sexes, and the face, as 

 far as we know, always presents marked sexual differences. We may say at all events that in these two 

 subjects the face is orthognathic from the root of the nose to the spina nasi that below this spine there is 

 an alveolar prognathism, much more strongly pronounced in the man than in the woman that the orbits are 

 very wide and very little developed in height and, lastly, that the face altogether is very broad in relation 

 to its height. 



2. TheStature; theLimbs; the Trunk generally studied ; and the Hypothesis of Rachitical Condition discussed. 



a. The Stature. The stature was incontestably much greater than ours ; and this is seen by a glance at 



the tibias and femurs. It is impossible to determine correctly the stature of any imperfect and disarticulated 



