102 EELIQULE AQTJITANIOE. 



skeleton ; it is not even safe to apply to this determination the relationship between the length of the 

 femur and the height of the body that medical jurisprudence has adopted; for these relations have been 

 determined for men of our own race, and we know that the proportions of the body notably vary among 

 existing races; and there is more reason why they may have varied among races who died out in the 

 course of ages. On the other hand, the femurs from Cro-Magnon are imperfect, having lost their two 

 extremities ; but the shafts are so well developed in length and in breadth that they indicate a high stature 

 and powerful frame. For example, the shaft of one of the Old Man's femora measures 394 millims. ; and 

 accurately matching the two ends of this shaft with those of the shaft of a complete femur, altogether 

 453 millims. long, I find that the part of the latter femur corresponding to the fragment from the Cave 

 would be only 354 millims. instead of 394 millims. long; the Cro-Magnon femur therefore was at least 

 4 centims. longer than the one with which I compared it ; that is to say, it was at least 493 millims. (19-410 

 inches) in total length. This minimum is got by supposing that the epiphysial ends were exactly of the same 

 length on each of the two femurs under comparison which indeed is in nowise probable, for it is certain that 

 the extremities of the longer shaft were the more developed. If we suppose that the proportional length of 

 the shaft to that of the whole femur was the same in the two cases, we shall have a total length of 

 504 millims. (19-843 inches) for the femur from Cro-Magnon. Doubtless the 493 millims. is much less than 

 the reality. Now the Tables of relative size as prepared by Jurisprudents show that a femur of 49 centims. 

 corresponds to at least a stature of 1-80 metre. "We may conclude, then, for certain that the Old Man of Cro- 

 Magnon (allowance being made for the unknown diminution due to the effect of old age on the vertebral 

 column) was more than 1-80 metre (5 feet 11 inches) in height. This stature is exceptional at present among 

 the European Races, and for the most part in other races ; but it was not so among these old folk of Cro-Magnon, 

 for the stature of the Man " No. 3," and even that of the Woman " No. 2," was little less. This race, then, 

 was very tall ; and this feature is still more worthy of attention since the long bones found in the Caves of 

 Belgium indicate, for the Quaternary Men of that region, a stature below what is common now. 



b. The Femurs. The thigh-bones of our Old Man, remarkable as they are for their length, are not less 

 noticeable for their breadth and thickness. At the middle portion, at the narrowest point, the shaft is 32 millims. 

 broad and 39 millims. thick. I have compared these measurements with some I have taken of the same region 

 in thirty-three femurs iu our Museum from the ossuary of St.-Jean-de-Luz. None of these have attained the 

 volume of the thigh-bones of the Old Man of Cro-Magnon, as shown by the following Table : 



Dimensions of the Shaft of the Femur. 



Breadth. Thickness, 

 millims. millims. 



Femurs of the Old Man 32 39 



, . , f Maximum 31 38 



Thirty-three Femurs from 



\ Minimum 23 22 



Saint-Jean-de-Luz. 



I Mean 26-51 27-79 



None of these modern thigh-bones, we see, equal those from Cro-Magnon in breadth and thickness ; but 

 the difference becomes still more striking, if we consider them one by one. Thus, for the thickness, there 

 is in the modern series a femur 38 millims. thick, a second is but 35 millims., and a third is only 32 millims 

 thick ; the others are below 32 millims. There is, then, but one of these modern femurs which approaches 

 the old femurs in breadth, and one in thickness ; and the two maxima (in breadth and thickness) are not in 

 the same bone (the femur 38 millims. thick is only 29 millims. broad ; and the femur 31 millims. broad is 

 only 35 millims. thick) ; so that if, to get an idea of the volume of the shafts we multiply the breadth by 



