CKO-MAGNON SKULLS AND BONES. Ill 



1590 cubic centimetres (97-038 cubic inches); and as the fear of breaking what remains of the orbital plates 

 hindered my pressing the shot with force, I regard this measure as a minimum. The two other skulls could not 

 be gauged ; but I think I cannot be far wrong in saying that that of the Woman exceeded 1550 cub. centims. 

 (94-596 cub. inches), and that of the Adult " No. 3 " was but little less. We ought, doubtless, to take account 

 of the great stature of the three individuals : we know that (other things being equal) the brain enlarges with 

 the stature, but not in proportion to the stature ; for the tallest persons have ordinarily a smaller brain, rela- 

 tively to the mass of the body, than shorter people. Further, these rules are true only for a somewhat extensive 

 series, for they allow of very numerous individual exceptions. The series from Cro-Magnon is too limited 

 to allow of definite conclusions ; but if we consider that its three individuals had a cranial capacity much 

 superior to the average at the present day, that one of them was a female and that female crania are gene- 

 rally below the average of male crania in size, and that nevertheless the cranial capacity of the Cro-Magnon 

 Woman surpasses the average capacity of male skulls of to-day, we are led to regard the great size of the 

 brain as one of the more remarkable characters of the Cro-Magnon race. This cerebral volume seems to me 

 even to exceed that with which at the present day a stature equal to that of our Cave-folks would be 

 associated ; whilst the skulls from the Belgium caves are small, not only absolutely, but even relatively to 

 the rather small stature of the inhabitants of those caves. This is additional confirmation of what is 

 mentioned above (page 98) respecting the difference of these two palseontological races. 



The great size of the brain permits us to speak well of the intelligence of the Cro-Magnon people ; but 

 the form of the brain is not less worthy of attention than its volume, for the study of races, as that of 

 individuals, authorizes us to attach particular importance to the development of the frontal region. Now, 

 the coronal presents, in the profile of our three skulls, a fine elliptical curve, indicative of an elevated 

 forehead and of a spacious frontal cavity. The length of this curve cannot be exactly measured in " No. 1," 

 because the bregma is effaced; I may be wrong to the amount of some millimetres in estimating it at 

 145 minims, from behind the point where I think I find a trace of the bregma. In " No. 2 " it is positively 

 135 millims., and in " No. 3 " 148 milli'ms., measurements nearly 2 centimetres above the present average. 

 The frontal region is equally well developed in a transverse direction. Its minimum diameter in the 

 Old Man is 103, in the Woman 97, and in the Adult Man 97 millims.; and this amplitude is the more 

 remarkable as it occurs in dolichocephalic skulls. 



These skulls from Cro-Magnon are indeed highly dolichocephalic, and help to confirm an opinion that I 

 have held for many years against the School of Eetzius, represented at Paris by M. Pruner-Bey. The existence 

 of a palffiontological dolichocephalic race cannot henceforth be denied. The dolichocephalism of the Cro- 

 Magnon skulls is not such as depends on a short transverse diameter ; for, on the contrary, it is considerable 

 in these, especially in " No. 1" and " No. 3," where it much exceeds the average transverse diameter of the 

 most brachycephalic series. It is the great length of the antero-posterior diameter which makes them dolicho- 

 cephalic ; and this very rarely now-a-days reaches the figure of 202 millims., which " No. 1 " and " No. 3 " 

 give ; and it is even exceptional now if 191 millims. (the measure of " No. 2 ") be surpassed. 



The Cephalic Indices of our three skulls are 73-76 for " No. 1," 71-72 for " No. 2," and 74-75 for 

 " No. 3." The mean is 73-41, and is lower than the average Cephalic Index of the large Merovingian 

 series in the Collection of the Anthropological Society of Paris, which series is the most dolichocephalic 

 of all the groups ydt collected in France. 



Comparing those from Cro-Magnon with the skull obtained by M. E. Bertrand from the Quaternary 

 deposits at Clichy, we find the latter, which unfortunately is imperfect, to be certainly highly dolicho- 

 cephalic. It appears to have had a length of 204 and a width of 138 millims., giving a Cephalic Index 

 of 67-65 only. If there is any error, it is only of a few millimetres; but it is incontestable that the fossil 



B 



