H2 KELIQUkE AQUITANIC.E. 



skull from Clichy is more dolichocephalic, if not than "No. 2," at least than "No. 1" and "No. 3." 

 It is remarkable also, as are many other prehistoric skulls, for the great thickness of its walls, which are at 

 some points 13 and 14 millims. thick ; and this we scarcely see now-a-days, except in disease. I must add 

 that the female skull from Cro-Magnon is rather thin and very light ; that of " No. 3 " is rather thinner, that 

 of "No. 1" thicker, and at the same time very heavy; as it is perfect, the thickness of its walls cannot be 

 exactly determined ; but I believe it to be decidedly less than in the skull from Clichy. 



In the three skulls from Cro-Magnon the occiput is greatly developed. The occipital reaches rather far 

 behind the lambda ; in " No. 2 " and especially in " No. 3 " it swells out prominently below and behind the 

 parietals. This coincides, in " No. 3," with the presence of five or six rather large and somewhat deeply 

 toothed wormian bones, which form a nearly continuous series in the lambdoid suture and its two 

 branches. I may add that the sutures in our three skulls are but little complicated. 



Another character common to these three skulls is the smallness, and even absence of the external 

 occipital protuberance. " No. 3 " (the Adult Man's Skull, C. Plate IV.), though imperfect behind, shows by 

 the adjacent surface that this protuberance was probably wanting. In the Woman (" No. 2," C. Plate V.) 

 there is an evident prominence, but it is very slight. In the Old Man (" No. 1," C. Plates I., II., & III., 

 fig. 1) some median rugosities represent a rudimentary protuberance; but the linea semitircularis is 

 very prominent and thick, forming a kind of semicircular ridge, which stretches transversely from one 

 mastoid process to the other ; and below this all the region of the cerebellum is flattened as far as the 

 foramen magnum, forming a large rough surface for the insertion of the powerful muscles of the neck. 



None of these skulls presents the form described by Prichard as " Pyramidal," nor even the variety of 

 this form known as " Ogival." In the " pyramidal " form (proper) the width of the skull diminishes 

 upwards from the base, whilst in the " ogival " the sides of the skull, parallel or sometimes divergent in 

 their lower half, converge above the level of the parietal bosses, and meet at the middle line, forming a kind 

 of roof; so that the transverse section, instead of being rounded at the level of the sagittal suture, as in 

 ordinary skulls, has rather the form of a very elliptical ogive. It is not only in the length of the sagittal 

 suture that this roof-like condition exists ; it is prolonged in the upper part of the frontal bone. A very 

 large number of skulls present in certain parts of the upper median line a slight arching: when we 

 incline them so as to make the apparent contour of their transverse curve pass through this arching, we get 

 the appearance of an ogive; but if we incline them a little more or less, the contour appears rounded. 

 Now, a partial arching by no means constitutes the " ogival " form ; it indicates a peculiarity of the 

 conformation of a circumscribed region, and not a special type of cranial architecture. The skull is not 

 really " ogival " except when the arching occupies all the median line from the lambda to the middle of the 

 forehead, and when it makes a manifest longitudinal prominence. In this sense the skulls from Cro- 

 Magnon cannot be considered to have the "ogival" form. "No. 1" presents towards the middle of the 

 frontal bone, for an extent of about 5 centimetres, a certain degree of arching ; but the sagittal suture is 

 not at all prominent, and is rather flattened than "ogival." "No. 2" is very slightly "ogival" in the 

 anterior half of the sagittal suture, whilst in " No. 3 " this is not at all " ogival." This skull presents, it is 

 true, on the median line, behind the bregma, a round and slightly prominent lump, about 3 centimetres in 

 diameter, but having nothing in common with the " ogival " form. There are some other lumps on this 

 skull, in which also we observe a considerable postlambdoidal prominence, made the more manifest by a 

 series of wormian bones occupying the two branches of the lambdoid suture. These characters are 

 produced when, during infancy, the volume of the brain increases more rapidly than usual; for the 

 distended skull gives way in its least-resisting parts, especially at the sutures; and hence arise such 

 modifications as we see in " No. 3." 



