CEO-MAGNON SKULLS AND BONES. 115 



teeth were present at death. The teeth were large, especially the molars, judging from their sockets. The 

 body of the jaw has nothing remarkable. The mental process is very prominent ; the apophyses yeni are 

 well developed. The body of the jaw is of somewhat large size, but in proportion to the face. The curve 

 of the alveolar arcade is very divergent, so that the wisdom-teeth are much further apart than the first 

 true molars are. This curve is rather hyperbolic than parabolic, as is rather frequently seen at present in 

 the so-called Germanic races ; but it is rare for the divergence of the two halves of the curve to be so great 

 as it is in this case. Altogether these characters are in very strong contrast with the well-known description 

 of the jaw of the Naulette, where the alveolar curve is rather convergent than divergent, the apophyses 

 geni are replaced by a foramen, the mental process is entirely absent, and the thickness of the body is 

 enormous in proportion to its height. In all these features the jaw of the Naulette departs from the human 

 type, going towards that of the Apes ; whilst the Old Man's jaw presents rather an exaggeration of the features 

 which distinguish the human type from that of the Anthropomorphous Apes. This is an additional proof of 

 the great difference existing between the Quaternary Man of Cro-Magnon and the Cave-man of Belgium. 



The most curious part of the Cro-Magnon jaw is its ascending ramus, which is nearly perpendicular to the 

 axis of the body ; the angle, however, is much rounded. This portion presents on its two faces strongly marked 

 inequalities, for the insertion of the masticatory muscles ; but, taken altogether, it is flat that is, its infero- 

 posterior edge is not inflected either inwards or outwards. Its thickness is not greater than that seen in 

 robust men. Its breadth, however, is extraordinary ; for, measured across at the level of the base of the 

 coronoid process, it is 49 millims. The oblique diameter, from the angle of the jaw to the lower part of the 

 anterior edge, is 44 millims., less than the transverse diameter, contrary to what we usually find. This 

 difference is due to the rounded form of the angle of the jaw. There is no European jaw in the Collection 

 of the Anthropological Society of Paris having dimensions approaching the above. The results of measure- 

 ments made in four of our series are given below. In the series of modern Parisians and in that of the 

 Merovingians of Chelles, I have taken male jaws only, the corresponding crania guiding me in this selection. 

 In the series of St.-Jean-de-Luz and in that of Chamant, the jaws having been parted from the crania, the 

 separation of the sexes would have been somewhat arbitrary. Measuring all these jaws indiscriminately, I 

 have obtained the following results : 



Dimensions of the Ascending Eami of the Lower Jaws. 



Transverse Diameter. Oblique Diameter. 



French. English. French. English, 



millim. inch. millim. inch. 



Old Man of Cro-Magnon 49 1-929 44 1-732 



, f Maximum . 40 . 1-575 . .41 . 1-614 

 Modern Parisians (only . 



j Minimum 29 .... 1-142 30 .... 1-181 



I Mean 32-83 .... 1-292 35-58 .... 1-401 



f Maximum ... 37 . 1-457 . .41 .... 1-614 



Basques of St.-Jean-de- ^.^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 



Lnz(XVth Century). | ^ ^ _ ^ ^ _ ^ 



Merovingians of Chelles I . 



(VnthCentaryA.D.).!^"--------- "^ "" ^ ' "' ^ "" ^ 



Dolmen of Chamant f Maximum 35 1-378 37 1-457 



(Oise). (Age of Po- \ Minimum 31 .... 1-220 30 .... 1-181 



lished Stone.) I Mean . 33-37 . . 1-313 . ... 34 .... 1-339 



Maximum 38 1-496 39 1-535 



Minimum... . 28 . 1-102 . .28 . 1-102 



