NOTES ON THE REINDEER AND HIPPOPOTAMUS. 149 



" In England, the remains of this species have been observed principally in the 

 Quaternary Gravels of the Thames, and in the caverns in some of the Southern 

 Counties. 



"In France, its remains occur in formations regarded as belonging to the 

 early Pliocene (the fluvio-marine sands of Montpellier). They have also been 

 met with in the Quaternary Alluvium of various valleys, and, though more 

 rarely, in caverns. 



" The age of the deposits yielding Rh. Merkii in Germany (in Baden and 

 Wurtemberg) is not quite ascertained. 



" In Italy, this species is met with in the Pliocene strata of the Plaisantin, the 

 Milanais, and Tuscany. It has also been found in an evidently Postpliocene 

 formation near Rome. 



" In Spain, it is only in caverns that some molars of Rh. Merkii have been 

 collected. So also in Northern Africa, sufficiently characterized fragments of 

 molars have been obtained from a cave near Algiers. These relics were buried 

 with the remains of Elephants (Elephas africanus ?), of Phacochoere, of Hysena 

 (H. spelcea ? or crocuta ?), of Panther, Porcupine, &c. ; and among them human 

 remains have been discovered, together with flints evidently chipped by the hand 

 of Man*. 



"As far as at present known, the habitat of Rhinoceros Merkii was limited 

 between 36 and 51 of north latitude, with an extension of 17 of longitude. 

 This is almost the geographical area, in the two directions, which appears to have 

 been occupied by Rh. leptorhinus and Rh. etruscus, which have also been observed 

 in England, France, Rhenish Germany, and in Spain ; but it is much less than 

 that overrun by Rh. tichorhinus, which had a distribution over more than 30 de- 

 grees of latitude, from the northern slope of the Pyrenees up to the 72nd parallel 

 in Siberia, and over nearly 130 degrees of longitude. 



" It is well known, from the observations of Pallas, that Rh. tichorhinus, coated 

 with fur of great thickness, was, like Mephas primigenius, able to support the 

 rigorous cold of the polar regions. It has been presumed that the same con- 

 ditions did not exist with Rhinoceros Merkii and its contemporary congeners 

 Rh. leptorhinus and Rh. etruscus, the fossil remains of which have not yet been 

 observed further north than the 51st degree of latitude. This is also the limit of 

 the fossil Hippopotamus. 



" Indeed we know that the remains of two of these Rhinoceroses (Rh. lepto- 

 rhinus and Rh. Merkii) have been found, in the Pliocene Sands of Montpellier, 



* "H. Eenou, ' Geologic de 1'Algerie,' pp. 81-83." 



T 



