BIRD-BONES POUND IN THE CAVES. 235 



and humerus present very different characters. I have elsewhere* pointed out 

 the peculiarities hy which they may be distinguished, and so need not repeat 

 them here. The Shelter at Lacombe contains many bones of the Chough ; 

 I have recognized there about a score ulnas, 13 tibias, 4 femurs, 4 humeri, 

 5 metacarpals, 3 metatarsals, and 2 coracoids. At Les Eyzies they are rarer; 

 I have seen only one humerus and two tarso-metatarsals. It is the same in 

 the Cave of 1'Eglise (Dordogne). At Bruniquel M. Pecado collected several leg- 

 and foot-bones. At Massat, all the bones determined by M. Fontan as those of 

 the Magpie and the Jay belong to the Chough ; and the same is true of those 

 collected by M. Puel in the Cave at Breugues, and considered by that explorer to 

 be those of the Magpie. Prom the Cave at Lherm I have seen but few remains 

 of the Chough ; among the numerous fossils sent me by M. Pilhol I have recog- 

 nized only two humeri and one coracoid of this Bird. I have also noticed its 

 presence in the Gourdan Cavef, and at Aure, Lourdes, and La Northe (Bouches 

 du Rhone). 



The Chough is not rare, at the present day, in the Alps and the Pyrenees. In 

 summer it remains in the mountains, but in winter it descends to the plains. 



22. THE CAVE-CHOUGH. Pyrrtiocorax primigenius, n. sp. Le Chocard des 

 Cavernes. 



Several leg-bones, found in the Cave at Massat (Ariege), presenting all the 

 characters peculiar to the genus Pyrrhocorax, differ from those of the Alpine 

 Chough by their much larger dimensions. They cannot be mistaken for their 

 analogues in the other Corvidso, because the osteological peculiarities are in this 

 genus very clearly marked. I therefore think that the Bird to which these bones 

 belonged must here be recorded, at least provisionally, under the name of Pyrrho- 

 corax primigenius. 



23. THE CORNISH CHOUGH. Corvus graculus, Linne ; Fregilus graculus, Cuvier. 

 Le Crave. 



This species has been found as yet only at Gourdan. 



24. THE NUTCRACKER. Corvus cari/ocatactes, Linne ; Nucifraga caryocatactes, 



Temm. Le Caisse-noix. 



I have recognized several foot-bones of this Bird in the Caves at Lacombe and 

 Massat. They are a little larger than those of the common Nutcracker; but 



* Becherches pour servir a PHistoire des Oiseaux fossiles, tome ii. p. 401, pi. 196. figs. 1-10, pis. 197, 

 149. figs. 6-10. t Piette, op. cit. p. 25. 



2 K2 



