FOSSIL MAN FROM LA. MADELAINE AND LAUGEEIE BASSE. 269 



curvature similar to that in the Laugerie-Basse subject above described, of which 

 it reproduces the other characters on a slightly smaller scale. Its maximum infe- 

 rior breadth is 62 millions. (2-34 inches). 



The ulna is broken at too short a distance from its superior articulation for its 

 curvature to be studied as in that from Cro-Magnon, of which, however, fig. 9 of 

 C. Plate IX. & X. gives a very exact idea. We find in this mutilated extremity 

 a character noticed by Dr. Broca in describing the Cro-Magnon bones the shal- 

 lowness of the sigmoid notch*. But as the olecranon and coronoid process do 

 not exceed the ordinary dimensions, the contrast remarked by Dr. Broca between 

 the small extent of the sigmoid notch and the size of the eminences which 

 surround it has no longer any thing characteristic. The upper extremity of the 

 radius, too, offers nothing remarkable. 



The right femur, in a perfect state of preservation, and of which we give the front 

 and side views, reproduces, in feebler form, all the special characters dwelt on by 

 the authors of the anatomical descriptions in the earlier part of this workt- Its 

 length is 46 centims. (18 inches), and corresponds to a stature of 1'7 metre (5 ft. 

 6-9 in.), consequently 14 centims. (5'5 inches) less than that of the tall Old Man 

 of Cro-Magnon, and nearly equal to that of the femur " No. 2 " from the same 

 burial-place, of which it moreover repeats the characters as they are preserved in 

 the fragments belonging to that skeleton. A piece of the shaft of the left femur 

 belonging to this individual measures 26 millims. (1'024 in.) in minimum breadth, 

 and 31 millims. (1'22 in.) in thickness at the same level; the femur from La 

 Madelaine has a breadth of 27 millims. (1'06 in.), and a thickness of 31 millims. 

 (1-22 in.). This latter dimension is slightly greater than the former, instead of 

 being, as is usually the case, equal to it ; but the differences are less pronounced 

 than in the two men of Cro-Magnon, whose femurs measure 27, 30, and 31 millims. 

 (1-06, 1-18, and 1-22 in.), and 32, 37, and 39 millims. (1'26, 1-42, and 1'54 in.) in 

 thickness. The anatomists who described these bones remarked that those extra- 

 ordinary thicknesses result from the considerable development of the linea aspera, 

 the crest of which is extremely prominent. 



The same character, weakened, is found again in the femur from La Madelaine. 

 The section represented in fig. 10 c of our Plate shows that the linea aspera is 

 developed on this bone, as on those of the other Cave-dwellers of the same valley, 

 in the form of a small strengthening column applied to the shaft. The profile 

 (fig. 10 b), which compared with the front view (fig. 10 a) permits an accurate 

 estimate to be made of the ratio of breadth to thickness, gives at the same time 



* See above, p. 110. t See pp. 82 & 102. 



