SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES. 285 



" The Esquimaux inhabitants of the coasts of Arctic America, from Behring's Strait to Greenland, speak 

 the same language, and use similar implements. There is no more interesting passage in Prof. Dawkins's 

 recent work* than that in which he compares the identity of type of these implements with those from 

 Dordogne and other parts of France, and Belgium, both as regards fowling- and fishing-spears, darts, and 

 arrows ; this likeness extends to the actual shape of the base for insertion into the haft, the haft being 

 formed of Mammoth ivory, derived from the frozen cliffs, of the very species that was hunted by Palaeolithic 

 Man in the South of Prance. 



" These two peoples, separated so widely in time and space, were alike in "their artistic feelings and 

 methods of incising (on tusks, antlers, and bones) representations of familiar objects ; alike also in their 

 habit of splitting bones for marrow and accumulating them around their dwellings, in their disregard for 

 the sepulchre of their dead, in their preparation of skins for clothing, and in the pattern of the needles used 

 in sewing them together; alike also in their feeding on the Musksheep and the Eeindeer, and in other 

 characteristics. It is well-nigh impossible to resist Prof. Dawkins's conclusion that the Esquimaux is the 

 descendant of Palaeolithic Man, who retreated northwards with the Arctic Fauna with which he lived in 

 Europe; though before the close of the Glacial Epoch it is probable that a continuous land-connexion 

 existed between France and North America by way of Siberia, remains of the true Horse having been 

 discovered associated with Bison priscus and the Mammoth in Arctic America, and representations of the 

 Horse, by a palaeolithic artist, occurring on an antler from La Madelaine, and the entire skeleton of a Horse 

 from a palaeolithic Station being preserved in the Lyons Museum. 



" Sir John Kichardsonf speaks of the Kuskutchchewak people who inhabit the banks of a river flowing 

 into Kuskokvim Bay, Behring Sea, as believing that the Mammoth, whose tusks they constantly find, came 

 from the east, and were destroyed by the spells of their Shaman." 



Page 60 (footnote). It may be added that in the 'American Journal of Science 

 and Arts,' vol. ix. (May 1875) pp. 335 &c., Prof. JAMES D. DANA criticises the 

 statements of the late Dr. ALBERT KOCH regarding the detailed circumstances of 

 the discovery of a Mastodon near the Bourbeuse. River, Gasconade County, 

 Missouri, in 1838, in association with presumed evidence of human agency, indi- 

 cated by blocks of stone, stone implements, and action of fire. Prof. Dana says 

 (p. 335) : " The evidence of the contemporaneity of Man and various extinct 

 Quaternary Mammals in Europe and Great Britain is complete; that is, it is 

 beyond reasonable doubt or question; for (1) it has been gathered with great 

 care by the best of geological observers, (2) it has been verified through the re- 

 examination of reported cases by other able geologists, and (3) it has been further 

 verified by the special investigations of Committees of Scientific Societies. The 

 North- American facts thus far announced have not, unfortunately, the same 

 broad basis for confidence." The Professor goes on to show (p. 337) "that 

 Dr. Koch was a man of enterprise, 'an indefatigable collector,"' and that "the 

 credit is due to him of having performed a great service to science by his 



* " Cave Hunting. London : Macmillan, 1874." 

 t " Arctic Search Expedition. London, 1851." 



