.. KELIQULE AQUITANIC^E. 



of Lake Superior, North America, was given to our learned friend M. Barrande, 

 who has obligingly placed it at our disposal. 



Lastly, we give fig. 13 as a comparative specimen, from the late Mr. Henry 

 Christy's Collection, being the head of an Esquimaux Harpoon for hunting the 

 Sea-Otter. It is made of Walrus-ivory, is 3 inches in length, and has a blade 

 like that of a long triangular arrow-head, but is further barbed by a notch low 

 down on one edge. Its short shank below the blade is cut away so as to have 

 a thick compressed rim or collar, below which the butt tapers to fit a socket in the 

 head of the shaft, and above which is fastened the cord of plaited tendon, connecting 

 it with the shaft. The latter consists of two parts, a head of ivory or hard bone, 

 8 inches long, hollowed at the top to receive the armed point, and firmly spliced 

 by fine cord of sinew to a rod of deal, 3 feet 2^ inches long, feathered on three 

 sides at its lower end, but not notched or "crutched" to fit a bow-string. 

 Altogether this " Sea-Otter Harpoon " is 4 feet 1^ inch long. The cord connecting 

 the moveable head and the shaft is about 5 feet long, and is double for about two 

 feet, as it is attached to the shaft at two places just between its upper and 

 middle, and its middle and lower thirds. 



In the same Collection is an Esquimaux " Sea-Otter Arrow," made on the same 

 plan as the foregoing, only 3 feet long altogether, three-feathered, " crutched " 

 for the bow-string at the butt, and furnished with a small sharp harpoon-like head 

 (1| inch long by f inch broad), with three barbs on one side only; it fits into a 

 socket, and has a hole drilled through its base for fastening the cord (here 6 feet 

 3 inches long) which attaches it to the shaft. 



Thus we see, in the two last-mentioned Esquimaux Fishing-Implements, the 

 arrow-headed instrument adapted as a Harpoon, and the harpoon-like head be- 

 longing to an Arrow (see also page 49). In either case the barbed head inserted 

 in the head of the shaft, whether shot at the prey or hurled by hand, would be 

 readily disengaged, and the shaft, attached by the cord, would remain floating 

 (in a transverse direction, owing to its being attached at two points), to indicate 

 the direction taken by the wounded animal, and to impede its retreat. 



Other applications of bone points, barbed on one side only, are seen in variously 

 modified Fishing-spears used by the Esquimaux (Tschukses) of North-eastern Asia. 

 Here such barbed pieces, but usually slender, and more curved than those of the 

 Caves, are fastened at the end of a wooden shaft, either singly, or in groups of 

 three or four, with the concavity and the barbs inside ; and others, similar but 

 shorter, are grouped around the shaft, about halfway down, with their points 

 upwards and their barbs inwards. 



