94 



RELIQULE AQUITANIC^E. 



tooth. Moreover, at Cro-Magnon among the human skeletons were found 

 fragments of hematite or red ochre, unctuous to the touch, the contact of 

 which, after the decomposition of the corpses, has left superficial red stains 

 on a skull and femur referred to an old man (see page 74), just as we see 

 on the bones of the so-called " Red Lady of Paviland." M. Oscar Fraas, in 

 his description of the Station (of the Reindeer Age) of Schussenried *, near the 

 Lake of Constance, has mentioned that very many bits of oxide of iron, once 

 probably mixed with fat, were there found among the stone implements and 

 remains of bones. The chemical examination of the unctuous ochre from Cro- 

 Magnon has not proved the existence of any fatty ingredient. 



Dr. Buckland, admitting that the ivory implements found in Paviland Cave 

 must have been made out of the Elephant's tusk lying in the same cave, offered 

 no explanation how this tusk had been preserved (if already fossil) so as to be 

 made into implements after an interval of ages. Other observers have since 

 then sought to explain the fact by attributing the preservation of the ivory to 

 the same cause (extreme and continued cold) which still preserves in the frozen 

 soil of Siberia the Mammoths' tusks that are every day dug out and sold to 

 manufacturers. The present advanced study, however, of the Quaternary flora 

 and fauna of Central Europe does not permit us to attribute to our climate in 

 the Glacial Period the rigorous and perpetual frost that has preserved the fossil 

 ivory of the Mammoth in Siberia. 



A much more simple explanation of the circumstance referred to above is met 

 with by supposing the Mammoth to have been contemporary with the primitive 

 inhabitants of Europe, who took for their purposes the ivory fresh from the 

 Elephant. 





* ' Staate-Anzeiger fur Wiirtemberg,' Sept. and Oct. 1866 ; and ' Geological Magazine,' vol. iii. p. 546. 



