KELIQTJ1JE 



frontal bone adhering to it. Its brow-antler, somewhat distant from the burr, 

 has been cut off. The stem bears a certain number of parallel longitudinal 

 groovings, and is not perforated. A similar Implement is shown by fig. 3, in 

 Double Plate B. III. & IV. 

 From La Madelaine. 



. 3. This long stem of Reindeer Antler, detached by force from the frontal, 

 has been shortened by fracture at its upper end. It is marked with a somewhat 

 deep marginal groove in its middle third. "Where the brow-antler projected, the 

 stem is pierced with one hole, as in fig. 4s, B. Plate III. & IV. 

 From La Madelaine. 



Fig. 4<. This specimen is distinct in character from the foregoing. In the first 

 place, it is made from the beam of an antler of the Stag or Red Deer 

 (Genus elaphus), where the middle branch projected. Next, the base of the 

 horn and the brow-antler have both been cut away, and the butt-end has been 

 thinned down to a simple bevel, until the spongy middle of the antler is 

 exposed. It was probably a common wedge-like implement of some sort, such 

 as are in frequent use among Esquimaux, North- American Indians, and others, 

 for stripping bark, splitting wood, and for other purposes, and, like the bevelled 

 bone figured at page 43 (fig. 26), used also for dressing skins. Somewhat 

 similar implements are figured in Lee's Translation of Keller's ' Lake-dwellings 

 of Switzerland ' (1866), pi. 12. fig. 9, pi. 13. fig. 10, pi. 23. fig. 5 ; and in Lub- 

 bock's Translation of Nilsson's ' Stone- Age ' (1868), pi. 15. fig. 257. There is 

 no trace in this specimen (fig. 4) of hard blows having been given on the flat- 

 cut end opposite to the wedge-like extremity. 



From La Madelaine, where other specimens of these " Rippers " have 

 occurred. 



