UPPER ENCAMPMENT, CHESTERFIELD INLET. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



GEOLOGY. 



THE following summary of the geology of the northeastern 

 coast of America and of the Arctic islands is based, so far 

 as the southern and eastern portions of that region are con- 

 cerned, upon the observations made on the cruise of the 

 Neptune, and is supplemented by the reports of previous ex- 

 plorers in the areas beyond the limit of the voyage of that vessel. 

 The geological work of the Arctic explorers until recent years 

 was necessarily poor and disconnected owing to the absence of 



