GEOLOGY 227 



found in the lowlands east of Blaamanden, and at the head of 

 Stenkulfjord in Baumann fjord. In addition to the lignite, 

 masses of slaty clay were found in the latter place, in which 

 were well preserved remains of Sequoia Langsdorfii, Taxodium 

 distichum var. miocenum and some others, well known witnesses 

 to a southern vegetation in these regions in a geologically late 

 period, i.e., the Miocene.' 



The knowledge of the Tertiary deposits of the east side of 

 Ellesmere is summarized as follows by Dawson : ' Small outly- 

 ing areas of Tertiary (Miocene of Heer) are noted as occurring 

 at Water-course bay, at the entrance of Lady Franklin sound, 

 and in two places on the north shore of the sound. Coal is 

 found in these beds in association with black shales and sand- 

 stones, and from collections made by Capt. Fielden and Dr. 

 Moss, Prof. Heer describes thirty species of plants closely allied 

 to the Spitzbergen Tertiary flora, and indicating rather colder 

 conditions than are expressed by the character of the Disko 

 island Tertiary plants. The coal appears to be an excellent fuel, 

 containing only 2-01 per cent of water.' 



1 Capt. Greely's expedition (1881 to 1884) though so impor- 

 tant in its results from a geographical point of view, has added 

 comparatively little to our geographical knowledge of Grinnell 

 land and the northern coast of Greenland, a fact due to the 

 absence of a geologist and the enforced abandonment of the 

 specimens collected. From a careful perusal of Capt. Greely's 

 narrative (' Three Years of Arctic Service, 1886 '), and from 

 information obligingly supplied by him and by Lieut. Brainard, 

 in answer to inquiries made by correspondence, some facts of 

 importance are, however, brought out. The Tertiary coal-bear- 

 ing formation is evidently much more widely spread in the part 

 of Grinnell land, in the vicinity of Lady Franklin sound, than 

 the previously quoted map of Messrs. Fielden and De Ranee 

 would indicate, though it may probably be regarded as forming 



