54 



" Having collected the milk from about 130 different sources, 

 there are daily brought to the dairy about 75,000 litres. This 

 having been tested as to its good condition, it is then for the 

 most part filtered through gravel, and in this way is freed from 

 the presence of a large number of micro-organisms, and is 

 then rapidly cooled and brought to the consumers in this 

 form. The second portion is centrifuged, thoroughly cleansed 

 and divided into cream and skimmed milk. In this way cream 

 is reduced to two different qualities, or is used for the manu- 

 facture of butter (the yearly production of butter is 2^0,000 

 kilograms). The skim milk produced is very much favoured 

 and is a cheap form of nutrition. About 10,000 litres of this are 

 sent out daily. A third portion serves for the manufacture of 

 cheese in which the soft cheese of the French variety occupies 

 the most prominent place (Roquefort, Camembert, etc.). Two 

 million litres of milk are employed in this way every year. 

 .This cheese is sent throughout Germany to all the larger cities 

 of the Empire where it is in great demand. 



" What is called children's milk, is that obtained from farms 

 whose cattle have the whole year been fed on dry food. The 

 strictness with which Berlin has thus provided for unadulter- 

 ated milk has had most favourable results in the quality of the 

 milk, and the improvement of the milk in general has been 

 most marked, and has resulted in the diminution of the 

 adulteration with water of from 14*1 per thousand in 1879 

 down to 3'6 per thousand in 1886, as testified to by the official 

 inspection. 



" There is undoubtedly too another evidence of this benefit in 

 the diminution of mortality in children, whereas during the 

 years of 1871 to 1880 thirty per cent of children died in the 

 first year. In 1881 it was lowered to twenty-seven per cent, 

 and in the present year down to 28*8 per cent. 



" While of course, undoubtedly, other factors have played an 

 important part in the improvement of mortality, such as 

 improved dwelling places, sewers, etc., nevertheless the im- 

 provement of the milk, which is almost the only nourishment 

 for children under one year, must be recognized as having the 

 greatest influence in this respect. 



