55 



" From the small developments mentioned above up to the 

 great increase in milk supply and analogous products, there has 

 been a further development as a result of this same enterprise. 

 The by-products in the manufacture of cheese, etc., must be 

 .mentioned, such articles as lactic acid, salts of lactic acid, 

 lactose and various preparations of casein, all of which find a 

 market in various parts of the country, as well as being ex- 

 ported for use in pharmacy, dye factories, paper, textile 

 industries, etc. So much has this become an essential feature 

 of the dairy that special technical laboratories have been 

 constructed. 



"The bacteriological study of milk and its products has 

 become so important in Berlin that it has been found neces- 

 sary to establish a special experimental station in which all 

 the essential scientific questions concerning milk infection can 

 be thoroughly worked out. Such, for example, is the effort to 

 obtain in pure culture the various bacteria which render milk 

 infectious, and in the Same place inoculation experiments upon 

 the smaller domestic animals, as well as feeding experiments 

 both upon the small and the larger animals, can be thoroughly 

 carried out. 



11 A special laboratory for the chemical analysis of milk has 

 likewise been erected. In 1896, 26,480 analyses were made. In 

 consideration of these various features the existing conditions 

 of milk supply are the most favourable that can possibly be 

 obtained ; formerly the various suppliers of milk carried on a 

 wholesale milk adulteration, at the present time as seen by 

 analyses, this has been reduced to a minimum. To illustrate 

 the importance of this analytical work it may be interesting 

 to know that in 1881, 328 analyses were made ; in 1891 over 

 16,000, and in 1896 nearly 27,000. All in all up to the end of 

 the year 1896, there have been 202,533 analyses carried out. 

 Such a quantity of material as this and such a multitude of 

 analyses is unknown in any other institution in the world. In 

 the various departments of this work which concerns the 

 purity of the milk there are various officers in control. The 

 superintending of the health of all the cows concerned in the 

 milk supply is allotted to two veterinarians approved of by 

 the state. 



