FRUIT CULTURE 137 



except thinning out, but it needs less than the Wagener which was 

 shown in the last picture. 



This tree is a Baldwin, growing too vigorously. We would be 

 afraid to cut back on that, because it would continue to grow very 

 vigorously. That being so, we must trim it very moderately. 

 By perhaps just clipping the ends of those branches and thinning 

 it out we can get it to the shape we want. 



This tree is a ISIcIntosh, one of the nicest. This needs more 

 thinning out. 



These trees were five years from planting. They are of different 

 shapes. The Wagener is upright. The Baldwin produces a 

 large, thick, vigorous growth. This one is naturally spreading. 

 If one were pruning this, in the course of a year or two he would 

 begin to cut up the sides a little, so as to keep the tree a little more 

 upright. If he were working out the Wagener he would thin out 

 the centre and make it spread out to the sides. 



This tree is to illustrate the formation of the head of the tree. 

 This is at a stage where it is straggly and needs to be headed in 

 somewhat to make it take a more upright course. If we did not 

 head that in, with the weight of the fruit the branches would bend 

 right over and come right down to the ground. 



That is the same tree pruned back. You can see here the effect 

 of it. Here is the effect of pruning that tree l)ack which was in 

 the way we saw it in the last picture. 



This is a Burbank tree. That tree has been pruned as much as 

 I want to prune it for this season — no, that was taken just before 

 pruning. I want you to notice the difference between that tree 

 and the next one. 



Now, you see that there has been comparatively little taken off 

 the tree. This is after pruning, and the other was before pruning, 

 it is simply heading in the branches which were getting too long. 



This is an apple tree at a later stage. It is still a comparatively 

 young tree, but a tree that has long since reached the bearing age. 

 It is too full of wood. Had this tree been pruned regularly every 

 season a little bit it would not have reached that condition. It 

 seems to me that that tree does not require very much pruning now. 



There is the condition after pruning. A few branches in the 

 centre, near the top, were taken out, causing the tree to spread out 



