FRUIT CULTURE 139 



spray them all will be lost, because the tree will not survive; the 

 operations may be successful, but the little insect will kill the patient. 



The worst insect we have to deal with is the San Jose scale. 

 I hold in my hand two apples which are peculiar. The owner of 

 these trees had been spraying his trees for this insect for the last 

 two or three years, but he had not been doing it very thoroughly. 

 These apples were considered No. 1 apples. I am going to pass 

 them through the audience, so that you may see the pink spots 

 on the fruit, although the insect itself has been rubbed off. If you 

 have fruit trees, the fruit of which is showing pink spots, you must 

 he careful that the trees are properly sprayed. 



I am going to show another one of the insects that has given us 

 some damage, but not as much, but which is in the same class with 

 the San Jose scale. This is a part of a young tree that was prac- 

 tically killed by the Scurfy scale. I will also pass them through 

 the audience. 



The first insect with which I will deal is the scale, a sucking 

 insect. Insects are divided into two great classes, sucking insects 

 and feeding insects. The scale insects are probably the most 

 injurious in the country, the San Jose scale being scattered very 

 nearly throughout the whole of North America. It is so small 

 that it is not noticed until after the tree is very seriously injured. 

 I question if there is an orchard in eastern Massachusetts and 

 parts of the Berkshires, that is not more or less infested with this 

 insect. That means that it is absolutely necessary to spray. 



Our spraying materials are divided into two classes, insecticide 

 and fungicide. The insecticide for the scale or sucking insect is 

 also a good fungicide, thus we obtain results in two ways. I hold 

 in my hand a piece of red dogwood which is badly infested with the 

 San Jose scale, showing the insect. I am going to advise you to cut 

 all the red dogwood or red osier on your farm. If you have it 

 cultivated, be sure and spray it, as well as the fruit trees. For the 

 scale insects we use either lime and sulphur or one of the forms of 

 soluble oil. 



I am going to show you today samples of both these insecticides 

 and fungicides. This is a sample of commercial lime and sulphur 

 which shows you a reddish color. If you make up your own lime 

 and sulphur be sure and cook it until you obtain that color. There 



