PLANNING AND PLANTING AN OKCHARD 157 



Question. Do you recommend peaches as fillers in a young 

 orchard? 



Lecturer. I would not recommend them, although the plan has 

 strong advocates as well as opponents. The spraying and cultiva- 

 tion are so different that it is not desirable. I am much opposed 

 to the use of peaches as fillers in the orchard. 



Question. How do the so-called miscible oils compare with 

 lime-sulphur? 



Lecturer. They are both used principally for the same purpose 

 — the control of the scale insects and both are effectual. The 

 oil spray should be used in the fall as soon as the foliage is shed 

 and in the winter when the trees are in a dormant condition. The 

 oil has an advantage that it spreads a little faster and the lime- 

 sulphur is very hard on the individual applying it. 



Question. How late in the fall would you recommend planting 

 trees? 



Lecturer. As late as the ground can be worked. 



Question. What general line of fertilizers would you recommend 

 for an orchard just coming into bearing? 



Lecturer. Basic slag, muriate of potash, and nitrate of soda. 



Question. In what proportion would you use them? 



Lecturer. Each orchard is an individual case. 



Question. For what fungous disease do you consider lime- 

 sulphur a remedy? 



Lecturer. For the apple scab principally although this has not 

 been so serious in late years as formerly. 



Question. Is there any traction power apparatus with low 

 wheels suitable for working large tracts of land? 



Lecturer. There have been steam plows and other machines 

 invented for this purpose, but thus far there appears to be nothing 

 suitable for orchard work. It would be very desirable to have 

 such machines for it requires a lot of help to cultivate an orchard 

 and it is getting to be a serious matter. 



Question. What line of proceeding as regards pruning and 

 fertilizing would you recommend for an old orchard that has had 

 nothing done to it for twenty years? 



Lecturer. I would begin with a slow cultivation; disc harrow 

 first season freely and frequently and follow up with heavy pruning. 



