60 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



P. mains. They appear to freely inter- 

 cross and produce gradations from one 

 type to the other. 



The cultivated varieties as the Bald- 

 win, Jonathan, Ben Davis, Grimes' 

 Golden, are what the botanist calls "hor- 

 ticultural varieties," which differ from 

 varieties in the botanical sense by being 

 less stable. A botanical variety will re- 

 produce itself from seed, but these "hor- 

 ticultural varieties" will not do so. And 

 yet the two differ only in degree, not in 

 kind. The horticultural variety is a 

 slight temporary variation which will 

 easily lose its identity, while the bo- 

 tanical variety is the same in kind, but 

 with such stability that it reproduces 

 itself year by year from the seed. 



The extremely variable character of 

 this species may be inferred from the 

 statement made by Professor Bailey that 

 the horticultural varieties undoubtedly 

 reach 4,000 or 5,000. * Downing gives 

 descriptions of 1,900 varieties, and the 

 American Pomological Society's list in- 

 cludes 369. 



(b) Fruit covered by a short fleshy 

 calyx tube, bearing the calyx lobes. 



6. Chinese Apple (Pirus spectabilis 

 Alton). Leaves elongated - elliptical, 

 smooth; flower-stalk and calyx-tube 

 hairy; fruit about as long as its stalk 

 (one inch), yellowish. A tree 20 to 25 

 feet high, native of China and ,Tapan, 

 often found in cultivation, with much 

 "doubled" flowers. 



7. Ringo Apple (Pirus ringo Sei- 

 bold.). Leaves ovate-elongated, sharp 

 serrate, at first hairy below, but eventu- 

 ally smooth: flower-stalk and calyx white- 

 woolly: fruit wax-yellow 'with a reddish 

 tinge, one to one and one-half inches in 

 diameter, stalk about as long. A small 

 tree nine to ten feet high, native of 

 .Japan. Occasionally cultivated for orna- 

 mental purposes. 



8. Large Siberian Apple (Pirns pru- 

 nifolia Willd.). Leaves ovate, elongated 

 or elliptical, smooth below, on long peti- 

 oles: flower-stalk and calyx hairy or 

 smooth ; fruit wax-yellow, in red and even 

 black, one to one and one-half inches or 



•See the article ".\pplp" in the now edition 

 of .Tohnsnn's ryolnppdia. ISOn. pp. 200-201. 



more in diameter, stalk about as long or 

 longer. A tree 25 to 30 feet high, native 

 of Northern China, Tartary, and South- 

 ern Siberia. This is the parent form of 

 the larger cultivated crab apple, such as 

 the Transcendent, Hyslop, etc. 



Section 2. Calyx-lobes falling off after 

 blossoming; styles three to flve; fruits 

 three to five-celled. 



A. Leaves rolled in the T)ud. 



9. Small Siberian Apple (Pirus ia- 

 cata L.) Leaves elongated-ovate, smooth, 

 as are the twigs also; flower-stalk and 

 calyx smooth: fruit small, one-third to 

 three-fourths inch, yellow or red. on a 

 much longer slender stalk (one to one 

 and one-half inches). A tree 25 to 30 

 feet high, native of the Himalayas, Amur, 

 China, and Siberia. This is the parent 

 form of the smaller cultivated crab ap- 

 ples, as the Red Siberian Crab. etc. 



B. Leaves folded in the hud. 



10. Toringo Apple (Pirus toringo 

 Koch). Leaves small, ovate or elongated, 

 three to flve-lobed: flower stalk and calyx 

 sparingly hairy, or smooth: fruit small 

 spherical, one-fourth inch in diameter, on 

 a long stalk. A small tree 12 feet high, 

 native of .Japan, occasionally planted for 

 ornamental purposes. 



11. Oregon Apple (Pirus rivularis 

 Dougl.). Leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth 

 and firm, dark green, serrate: flower- 

 stalk and calyx somewhat hairy, or 

 smooth: fruit on long stalks obovate ob- 

 long, one-half to three-fourths inch long, 

 from yellowish-green to yellow and even 

 red, flavor "a pleasant sub-acid." A tree 

 30 to 40 feet high, native of the Pacific 

 coast of North America from California 

 to Alaska. This species should receive 

 the attention of the scientific horticul- 

 turists of the western coast states. 



Itciiiarks on the Foreffoinff S|ipeies 



From this view of the species noticed 

 above it is seen that three are natives 

 of Eastern North America, one of West- 

 ern North America, two of Europe, three 

 of China and Japan, and two of the Si- 

 berian region. Of these we have brought 

 into cultivation for their fruits one 

 species from Eastern North America, one 

 or two from Europe, and two from the 

 Siberian region. The species from China 



