APPLES 



113 



entire cost of clearing the IS tracts com- 

 prising 150 acres was $11,782.50 and the 

 whole number of stimips removed 4,633. 



Gasoliue Engines 



Small gasoline engines hitherto tried 

 have proven unsatisfactory. 



Burning 



All ordinary methods of burning have 

 proved unsatisfactory for the reason that 

 they burn off the top of the stump leav- 

 ing the roots in the ground. 



The Blowing Machine 



Outfits of this kinds cost from $350 to 

 $500 complete and consist of gasoline en- 

 gine, blower and distributer with lines of 

 hose. They have not proven efficient on 

 account of cost of operation and the 

 fact that they do not burn the roots out 

 deeply enough. 



Char Pitting 



This method is best employed late in 

 the summer on at least one year old 



stumps, bark having been removed in the 

 spring. Fir stumps are more easily 

 treated than cedar on account of the pitch 

 in the roots. A clay soil is requisite for 

 covering, as sand dries out and sifts down, 

 putting out the fire. 



The method of char pitting is to pack 

 small sticks and chunks of wood about 

 the roots of the stump, cover these with 

 ferns or grass to prevent the sifting of 

 loose earth on to the fire, then cover 

 the whole with two to three inches of 

 clay packed snugly about the stump to 

 prevent draft. 



Fire through a small opening and cover 

 after the fire is well started. 



Stumps must be watched closely for a 

 day or so, after which they will burn out 

 with attention given twice a day. 



Another method is to dig, in spring or 

 early summer, a hole under the stump be- 

 tween two large roots large enough for 

 an armful of kindling. In the fall or late 



Fig. 11. A Stump. nUh the Bark Kemoved, 

 Ready for Char Pitting. 



Fig. l.S. Kindlinpr fovered with Ferns to Pre- 

 vent the Fine. Loose Earth from Sifting 

 Into It. 



FiS. li:. Kindling in Place Around the Stump. 



Fig. 14. Earth Covering in Place. Opening 

 Left at Which to Light the Fire. 



