142 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



moved from the heeling grounds. Re- 

 move or thin out any roots that have 

 grown in a tangled mass, roots that were 

 mutilated in the process of digging, and 

 cut the tip of each of the main roots, 

 using a sharp linife or some suitable in- 

 strument, remembering always to make 

 the cut at an angle so that when the 

 tree is set in the ground the cut surface 

 will be down. Remove all sucker sprouts 

 from the base of the tree, being careful 

 to cut these close to avoid further sprout- 

 ing. If stock is to be held for late spring 

 planting it should be removed from the 

 heeling grounds during favorable weather 

 about the middle of February, the roots 

 pruned and the stock heeled in again. 



A shady place for the heeling grounds 

 will aid greatly in keeping the stock 

 dormant for late spring planting. 



No stock of any kind should ever be 

 removed from the heeling grounds dur- 

 ing freezing weather or while the trees 

 or plants are frozen, though the weather 

 may be moderating at the time. After 

 a cold spell allow the frost to entirely 

 disappear from the grounds before dis- 

 turbing the stock. The tops of trees 

 should not be pruned until after they 

 are planted, except to save damaged 

 stock as explained later. 



Care of Stock While Planting 



The stock is now ready for its final 

 place in the field but it must have the 

 same careful protection from drying or 

 chilling winds as at any other time. 

 Pieces of canvas or burlap sacks may be 

 used for this purpose. If planting is 

 done any time after the first of March 

 the roots of each tree should be dipped 

 in a thick batter of mud, and care should 

 be taken that the mud does not dry on 

 the roots before the tree is set. This 

 mudding the roots is very important. 

 Never allow bundles of trees to lie ex- 

 posed to the wind and sun nor place 

 them in a creek to remain until needed. 



Treatment of Frosted Trees 



If you notice frost in a box of trees 

 on opening do not remove the goods but 

 close the box carefully and place it in 

 a cellar, cement building or some such 

 place where it is cool but free from 



frost. Cover the box with sawdust, can- 

 vas, blankets or any convenient material 

 to prevent the stock from thawing out 

 too rapidly and leave undisturbed for 

 a week or ten days before heeling in the 

 ground. 



Treatment of Stock Received Dry 



If goods are received dry, dig a trench, 

 in sandy soil, large enough to bury the 

 trees root and top about eight or ten 

 inches under the surface, and if late in 

 the spring pour a few bucketsful of water 

 over the stock after the trench has been 

 filled, and let remain for a few days 

 until on examination the stock is found 

 to be fresh and well filled out. Many 

 times stock received in bad condition 

 can be saved if treated in this manner 

 though any undue exposure will weaken 

 the vitality of a tree and all such dam- 

 aged goods should be severely top pruned 

 when heeled in or planted. 



Care of Evergreens 



The roots of all cone-bearing trees, 

 and. in fact, most all evergreen plants, 

 are very sensitive to exposure, and 

 should never be handled without being 

 properly balled. The novice should never 

 order goods of this kind shipped with 

 naked roots in order to save a little on 

 first cost or freight. The roots of rose 

 bushes, while not evergreens, should 

 never be allowed to become dry or 

 frosted. 



N. S. Bennett, 



Kden Valley Nurseries, iledford. Ore. 



PEDIGRKED TREES 

 Definition 



(1) "A selected source of multiplica- 

 tion which does not require sexual gen- 

 eration." E. J. WiCKSOX. 



Trees propagated by buds or scions 

 taken from trees with known records for 

 superior qualities. 



Introduction 



At the present time there are compar- 

 atively few trees whose "pedigree" ex- 

 tends beyond the first or second vegetative 

 generation. The term as here used does 

 not apply to any form of sexual generation. 



(1) Correspondence. 1912. 



