156 



ENCYCTLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



with a spade between your feet and 

 sight in the direction of the rows of 

 stakes, and if you are not standing at the 

 point of intersection of the two lines 

 move one way or the other until you 

 find this point. The point of intersec- 

 tion of these lines is the place where the 

 tree is to go. All the places for all of 

 the trees may be found in the same man- 

 ner and without having to measure any 

 of the distances inside of the field. If 

 the men are careful and always dig the 

 hole right at the intersection of the two 

 lines there will be no trouble in getting 

 the trees in straight rows and at the 

 proper distance. The planting can be 

 started at any point in the field but it is 

 better to begin at one of the sides near 

 the rows of stakes and then work back. 

 The point marked x is a good place to 

 begin. This plan, with a few slight modi- 

 fications, can be adopted for the quincunx 

 or hexagonal styles. 



F.\BiAN Garcia, 

 Santa Fe. N. M. 



Yoeman System 



One of the easiest methods known to 

 the writer is that called the Yoeman sys- 

 tem. This consists in running a base 

 line on one side of the proposed orchard 

 and setting stakes at desired intervals 

 for tree rows. These stakes, however, 

 instead of being set where a tree is to 

 be planted, are set some 10 to 20 feet 

 beyond the last tree in the row. With 

 the base line as a starting point the or- 

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chard site is enclosed on its four sides 

 with a row of stakes which are set at 

 similar distance from the last tree in 

 the row to those of the base line. The 

 stakes simply indicate the tree row in 

 each direction. By running another set 

 of stakes across the field and toward one 

 end of it, in the opposite direction from 

 that in which it is intended to furrow 

 out, the field is ready for the plow. Using 

 a heavy plow and a strong pair of horses 

 and by going twice or more times in a 

 furrow it is possible to furrow sufficiently 

 deep so that little digging is necessary 

 for the reception of the tree roots. By 

 running a line of stakes through the 

 center of the field in each direction, each 

 of which is in line with the ti-ee row in 

 but one direction the field is ready for 

 planting. 



William Stuart, 



BiH-linsmn. Vt. 



Tlie Square System with Furrows 



Where the ground is comparatively 

 level and the area small, one of the sim- 

 plest methods of laying out an orchard 

 in squares is to set stakes along the 

 boundary lines at opposite sides of the 

 area to be planted and then use a 

 marked wire for locating the position of 

 each tree. Beginning on the side bound- 

 ary of the tract, the first stake is set 25 

 feet from the end. Following this stake, 

 other stakes are set successively at the 

 distances the trees are to occupy, these 

 stakes to be in line along the side bound- 

 ary and extending the entire length of 

 the field. The opposite side of the area 

 is staked in like manner, beginning at the 

 same end and staking in the same direc- 

 tion. After this a telephone wire which 

 is long enough to reach across the field 

 is secured. In one end of the wire a loop 

 large enough to slip over the stakes is 

 made. Twenty-flve feet from this loop the 

 wire is wrapped tightly with fine stove- 

 wire over which a bit of liright red flan- 

 nel is tied. Then, at distances the trees 

 are to stand in the rows, other markings 

 are made likewise along the telephone 

 wire. By stretching the wire between op- 

 posite pairs of stakes the spot where 

 each tree is to stand may be located. 



