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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



Missouri Pippin 



The Missouri Pippin Is one of the well 

 known market apples in the middle 

 states. It originate,-! in Missouri on the 

 farm of Brinkley Hornsby, Kingsville, 

 Johnson county, Missouri, from seed 

 planted about 1840. Shortly after the 

 Civil War it began to be disseminated 

 outside of the locality of its origin, and 

 its cultivation spread with such rapidity 

 that in a few years it had been planted 

 in Missouri, Kansas, Illinois and adja- 

 cent states. The good degree of hardi- 

 ness and vigor which it possesses, the ease 

 with which it is propagated In the nur 

 sery, and particularly the habit of bear- 

 ing early and abundantly, were the qual- 

 ities which recommended it to the grow- 

 ers of this section. However, the fruit 

 is not first-class for dessert, and when 

 commercial fruit growing came to be an 

 important industry it was found that it 

 was not a profitable variety as com- 

 pared with other commercial fruits. It 

 was also discovered that the tree was 

 short lived, and would seldom bear a 

 good quality of fruit after the age of 20 

 years. The popularity of the Missouri 

 Pippin, therefore, rapidly waned, and at 

 this date comparatively few of this vari- 

 ety are being planted. 



Tree moderately vigorous with long, 

 slender, curved branches, characteristic 

 on account of its numerous slender twigs 

 and general crab-like appearance. Form 

 upright, becoming roundish or rather 

 spreading. Bark dark brown, mottled 

 with heavy scarf skin, pubescent. Fruit 

 medium in size. Form roundish, some- 

 what inclined to conic. Stem medium in 

 length, rather slender. Cavity acute to 

 nearly acuminate, moderately wide, 

 rather deep, faintly russeted. Calyx 

 medium in size, closed or nearly so. 



Skin thick, tough, rather glossy, thinly 

 coated with grayish bloom. The color 

 ranges from a greenish or pale yellow, 

 to red striped and deep red. Season Oc- 

 tober to January. 



Xortliern Spy 



The Northern Spy is perhaps the very 

 best apple for Michigan, being peculiarly 



adapted to the soils of that region. In 

 New York it ranks third, being super- 

 seded by the Baldwin and Rhode Island 

 Greening. When it is grown where it is 

 best adapted it is a first-class apple. In 

 the Pacific Northwest it does not do so 

 well as in some other sections of the coun- 

 try. The fruit is large, red, tender, 

 juicy, crisp and good for dessert or for 

 culinary purposes. It has a well estab- 

 lished reputation, and because of its high 

 quality often sells for good prices. Its 

 season is November and December. It 

 is susceptible to the attack of blue mold, 

 if kept in storage, and is easily bruised 

 in handling. 



Tree very hardy and healthy, grow- 

 ing to a large size, with large vigorous 

 branches, long and stout, curved. Form 

 upright, roundish, slender laterals, some- 

 what inclined to droop. Bark dark 

 brownish red mingled with olive green 

 lightly streaked with thick scarf skin, 

 heavily pubescent. 



Historical. The Northern Spy origi- 

 nated in a seedling orchard at East Bloom- 

 field, New York. The trees were planted 

 by Herman Chapin about 1800, but at- 

 tracted very little attention until about 

 1840, when it began to be more widely 

 recognized as a valuable variety, and to 

 be more extensively cultivated. 



There are the following peculiarities of 

 the tree that should be considered in se- 

 lecting commercial varieties. First, it is 

 more than ordinarily susceptible to "apple 

 scab fungus." Second, it comes into 

 bloom remarkably late, and this fact 

 often prevents It from being injured by 

 spring frosts, when earlier blooming va- 

 rieties are killed. Third, it often pro- 

 duces many small apples which are seed- 

 less, the result of improper fertilization 

 of the blossoms. The tree is resistant 

 to woolly aphis. 



Oldeiiburir 



The Oldenburg, generally called the 

 Duchess of Oldenburg, is a Russian ap- 

 ple. In European nurseries is called 

 Charlmowsky and Borowitsky. It was 

 brought to this country from England, 

 and because of its extreme hardiness 



