APPLES 



327 



Basket 



The basket can be used successfully 

 only for home markets, and for apples 

 that are to be sold for immediate use, 

 such as summer apples. The style of bas- 

 ket most used in New York state contains 

 approximately a bushel; is tall, narrow at 

 the base, and flaring wide at the top. A 

 style used to a great extent in the Middle 

 states holds approximately one-third of 

 a bushel and is rectangular in shape. 

 These baskets are standard packages for 

 many of the fruits and vegetables in the 

 sections where they are popular. On the 

 Pacific coast the basket is not used for 

 even the summer apple, the box or half- 

 box taking its place. 



Standard Barrel 



The United States standard for apple 

 barrels as established by the enactment 

 of the "Sulzer" bill in 1912. calls for 

 the "length of stave, 28^2 inches; 

 diameter of head, 17% inches; dis- 

 tance between heads, 26 Inches; cir- 

 cumference of bulge, 64 inches outside 

 measurement, representing as nearly as 

 possible 7,056 cubic inches." The law 

 further provides that "barrels packed 

 with apples shall be deemed to be below 

 standard if the barrel bears any state- 

 ment, design, or device indicating that 

 the barrel is a standard barrel of apples." 

 as to size, and the capacity of the barrel 

 is less than the capacity indicated above, 

 "unless the barrel shall be plainly marked 

 on end and side with the words 'short 

 barrel,' or with words or figures showing 

 the fractional relation which the actual 

 capacity of the barrel bears to the ca- 

 pacity prescribed by * * * this act." 

 And, further, that such "marking re- 

 quired shall be in block letters of size 

 not less than 72-point, one-inch gothic." 

 The penalty for selling or offering for 

 sale apples in barrels in violation of the 

 provisions of this act is $1.00 for each 

 barrel sold or offered for sale. 



The legal apple barrel in the state of 

 New York has the same dimensions as 

 the United States standard, except that 

 the distances between heads or the cubic 

 capacity are not specified. Provision is 

 made that if the barrel is straight on 



the side, or without a bulge, it shall con- 

 tain the same number of cubic inches as 

 the standard barrel. The standard apple 

 barrel as adopted by the International 

 Apple Shippers' Association in 1S95 is 

 the same as the New York standard. The 

 legal apple barrel in Virginia has been: 

 head diameter, 17% inches; length of 

 stave, 271,0 inches; bulge, not less than 

 64 inches outside measurement. The 

 minimum dimensions of a legal barrel in 

 Canada are: 26^0 inches between heads: 

 17 inches diameter of heads; 18'-; inches 

 diameter of middle, all inside measure- 

 ments. This barrel, in common use in 

 Nova Scotia, is made of 28-inch staves. 

 The barrel in use in Ontario is made of 

 30-inch staves. Its dimensions are: be- 

 tween heads, 27 1 2 inches: head diameter, 

 17 inches; middle diameter, 19^^ inches. 



Barrel Speciflcations 



The specifications for a good apple bar- 

 rel call for a sound stave, nine-sixteenths 

 inch jointing, cut five inches to two inches 

 and averaging four inches in width at the 

 bulge. The head to be not less than one- 

 half inch in thickness, dressed, and the 

 barrel to have eight hoops. The material 

 preferred is elm. 



Standard Box 



Several unsuccessful attempts have 

 been made to establish a national stan- 

 dard apple box in the United States. 

 The proposed "Porter" box was to con- 

 tain 2,564 cubic inches; the "Lafean" 

 box, 2,343 cubic inches. Three sizes have 

 found favor sufficient to establish them 

 as standard in certain sections. The "Col- 

 orado" box. which is used mostly in Col- 

 orado and Utah, measures 1114x1114x18^4 

 inches, and contains 2,261.625 cubic 

 inches. The Canadian, or "special," box 

 measures 10 inches deep, 11 inches wide 

 and 20 inches long, and contains 2,200 

 cubic inches. The "Northwest Standard" 

 box is lOH inches deep, llio inches wide 

 and 18 inches long, and contains 2,173.5 

 cubic inches. All the foregoing dimen- 

 sions are inside measurements. The 

 bulge on the top and bottom, with which 

 it is customary to pack a box of apples, 

 adds, it is usually figured, about 150 cubic 

 inches to its contents. A struck Winches- 



