APPLES 



351 



Top 



I'ig. 25. Sussestion for Stamping an Apple 

 Box. Notice that the box rests on its side, 

 in which position boxes are always piled. 

 The space at the bottom is for an address, 

 in case the box be sent by express. 

 Lithograph to be on the other end, top to- 

 ward top of box. 



of the box, being used to impress the 

 retailer and the "ultimate consumer," 

 who may be expected to open the box 

 from the top. 



Lithographs for individuals cannot be 

 recommended. Their use results in too 

 many brands, and confusion in the mar- 

 kets. For the same reason the brand 

 should be made to include as large an 

 output as possible by co-operation. The 

 present tendency is toward the use of 

 brands, rather than of quality designa- 

 tions, for selling the product, a differ- 

 ent brand being used for each grade. 

 The brand lends itself easily for adver- 

 tising purposes. To be of service, it 

 must be somewhat striking. It is more 



Fig. 2G. Convenient Arrangement for Rubber 

 Stamps and Pad To Be Used in Connection 

 With a Nailing Press. 



pleasing if it can be used without the 

 word hrand accompanying it, the word 

 spoiling the felicity of a name and leav- 

 ing a shoppy taste with the article: e. g., 

 Columbia Apples rather than Columbia 

 Brand of apples. In the Northwest two 

 or three process labels cost from .$3.50 

 to $4 a thousand. 



GRADES AND TIERS 



Some factors governing the price of 

 apples are their size, color and condition 

 (including freedom from blemish or ex- 

 tent of it). In the case of box apples 

 the grade has been determined chiefly by 

 the color and condition, size entering 

 only as a limit, designated by the count 

 in the box, below which apples are to be 

 excluded from a certain grade. But there 

 are certain counts of apples which, almost 

 regardless of grade, vary in desirability, 

 and, to a less extent, in price. In the 

 average market the medium sized apple 

 is more desirable than the large or the 

 small apple. Although on account of the 

 usually limited supply of the large, which 

 does not exceed the limited demand for 

 such large "special purpose" apples, the 

 large apples are not usually sold at a less 

 price, as are the small. In the North- 

 west, the counts of apples, resulting 

 from the first method by which they were 

 packed, lent themselves readily to a clas- 

 sification into groups, which latter were 

 generalized by a now apparently arbi- 

 trary use of the word tier, and differen- 

 tiated by the now equally arbitrary pre- 

 fixes, 21^, 3, 314, 4, 4%, and 5. 



GRADES 



The grades for apples established by 

 the Northwestern Fruit Exchange and 

 the North Pacific Fruit Distributors fol- 

 low: 



Northwestern Fruit Exchaiiffe Apple 

 Grading Rules for 1913 



Apples will be classed In three grades, 

 known by the packers as No. 1, No. 2 

 and No. 3. 



Specifications of each grade are as fol- 

 lows: 



Grade >'o. 1 [Extra Fancy] 



All varieties of apples may be admitted, 

 but they must be clean and of natural 



