APPLES 



357 



superintended by persons competent to 

 enforce these rules. 



CANTELOUPES 



With a view of promoting this impor- 

 tant industry more care must be used in 

 grading and packing. It is absolutely 

 necessary that a standard grade be adopt- 

 ed, as well as a standard of pack. 



The commercial counts as recognized 

 for canteloupes are the 36 count or Jum- 

 bos; the 45 count or Standards; the 54 

 count or Pony. 



There must be a straight pack, uni- 

 form size canteloupes in each grade, 

 clean and at a stage of uniform ripeness 

 that will permit long distance shipment. 



These rules were in use in the several 

 districts for the season of 1913-14. The 

 rules governing the grades for box apples 

 in Canada, as established by the Canadian 

 "Fruit Harks Act," appear in this work 

 under Laws. 



ME.\M>G OF TIER 



Nothing is more puzzling to the novice 

 at apple packing than the modern use of 

 the word tier. This present use can be 

 e.xplained best by a statement of a few 

 of the facts connected with the transition 

 that has taken place in the use of the 

 word. Originally apples were packed ac- 

 cording to the layer method only in the 

 square style. Apples were mixed as to 

 size in any manner that would admit of 

 their being packed "square," or straight 

 across the box, in either three, four or 

 five layers. Tradition says that the first 

 grower who brought his apples into North 

 Yakima, Wash., packed diagonally was 

 unable to find a buyer that would accept 

 them, and was compelled to take them 

 home and repack them "square." Apples 

 were spoken of as being either three, four 

 or five-tier, according to the number of 

 rows running crosswise of the box and 

 the number of layers in depth, the two 

 being the same. However, when a need 

 was felt for a more exact grading as to 

 size, a limited use of the two-two* and 

 three-two° packs was begun. Any apple 



* See Styles of Pack. Two-Two Pack, this 

 article. 



° See Styles of Pack. Three-Two Pack, this 

 article. 



that was placed into the two-two pack 

 was called a three and one-half tier ap- 

 ple, and the pack a three and one-half 

 tier pack, the literal meaning of this be- 

 ing that it would require approximately 

 three and one-half of the apples to fit in 

 a row crosswise of the box, or from top 

 to bottom. Likewise, any apple that was 

 placed in the three-two pack was called 

 a four and one-half tier apple and the 

 pack a four and one-half tier pack, mean- 

 ing that it would take approximately 

 four and one-half of the apples of that 

 size to fit in a row in like directions as 

 above. The trade paid for apples accord- 

 ing to the size as well as the quality, des- 

 ignating the size by the tier pack into 

 which they were placed. 



In very recent years "square" packing 

 has been abandoned, due to the recogni- 

 tion of the fact that apples packed accord- 

 ing to this method receive the more and 

 greater bruises in nailing up and hand- 

 ling, when compared to apples packed 

 diagonally; and the use of the diagonal 

 packs has been extended to accommodate 

 these apples formerly packed "square." 

 The terms three tier, four tier, five tier, 

 have been retained to designate the sizes 

 ot apples which were formerly given the 

 three, four or five tier pack, although 

 they are now packed two and one-half, 

 three and one-half, or four and one-half 

 tier. We have four tier apples, but no 

 four tier pack. 



Counts 36, 41, and 45, are called two 

 and one-half tier, or sometimes three 

 tier. Counts 48, 54, 56, are called three 

 tier. Counts 64, 72, 80, 88, are called 

 three and one-half tier. Ninety-six is 

 sometimes placed into this group, but is 

 usually included in the next. Counts 

 96, 100, 104, 112, 113, 120, 125, 128, are 

 called four tier. Counts 138, 150, 163, are 

 four and one-half tier. One hundred and 

 seventy-five is designated either four ana 

 one-half or five tier, the latter custom 

 predominating. Sizes 188 to 225 are call- 

 ed five tier. Sizes smaller than 225 are 

 either called five tier, or given no tier 

 designation at all. 



Formerly the tier was stamped on the 

 box, frequently without the number. Now 



