376 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



Spokane Reconi- 



Card mended 



Quality 20 



Color 20 20 



Contour 20 



Size 10 10 



Uniformity .-.■. 10 1" 



Freedom from Blemish 



and Dirt 20 20 



Pack (total) 20 20 



Total :. :-■.- 100 100 



Items of Pack 



Box 



Style of Pack 4 



Height of Ends 4 4 



Bulge 4 4 



Firmness 4 



Neatness 4 



Alignment 4 



Compactness 4 



Attractiveness and 



Style 4 



"Quality" is omitted from the suggested 

 card for the reason as, ex-President Kim- 

 ball, of the National League of Commis- 

 sion Merchants suggests, that, in boxed 

 apples, "quality" is a combination of all 

 the other items. "Quality" can be used 

 only in accordance with the American 

 Pomological Society ratings on account of 

 the difference in maturity of different lots 

 due to difference in locality where grown. 



An Eastern representative of a North- 

 western marketing agency says that what 

 the dealers look for in Northwestern 

 apples is color and contour. The old card 

 has no place for type, form or contour, 

 the latter term referring to symmetry. 

 regardless of whether the specimen is 

 true to type or not. Uniformity is not the 

 place under which to consider contour 

 since uniformity refers to size only. 



"Firmness" is preferable to "compact- 

 ness" because the latter could be con- 

 strued to mean a pack with no holes, 

 necessitating irregularity in the pack and 

 the use of the "stem to cheek" pack, or 

 more than one shape of box to accommo- 

 date the different sizes of apples. Most 

 judges take "compactness" to mean "firm- 

 ness" or tightness, so why not "flrmness" 

 on the card? 



Alignment is omitted from the sug- 

 gested card, to be considered under neat- 

 ness. It really depends upon proper uni- 

 formity and style of pack. 



Under the old card some judges did not 

 consider neatness, giving a lot perfect on 

 the last item of the card if the style of 

 pack was correct. Under the old card the 

 3-2 pack could be scored imperfect be- 

 cause not so attractive as the 2-2, whereas 

 it is accepted commercially and cannot be 

 avoided because of variation in size. The 

 style of pack depends, not on attractive- 

 ness, but on the use of a uniform pack- 

 age and on maintaining a perfect condi- 

 tion of the apples. A more attractive pack 

 ran be secured by the use of two sizes of 

 box but this is not desirable commercially. 



The above is on the assumption that 

 the Northwest standard box is to be used. 



ORCHARD COSTS .VM) 

 MANAGEMENT 



In the tables under this heading re- 

 liable information from many sources is 

 given. Conditions are so different in the 

 various sections of the United States, that 

 an expense table in one section would 

 furnish inadequate information of the 

 costs in another. In some sections, there 

 is the cost of clearly heavily timbered 

 lands; in others, the cost of irrigation; 

 in some there is the initial cost of high- 

 priced lands; but they are high-priced, 

 because they seem to the owners to pos- 

 sess certain advantages not found in sec- 

 tions where lands are cheap. 



Cleariiie Timber Lands — Orehard Costs 

 First Two Years 



The information contained in this ar- 

 ticle applies to the logged-off lands of the 

 timber belt in Northeastern Washington 

 and Northern Idaho. 



Character of Timber: Timber on the 

 lighter soils is chiefly pine and on the 

 heavier soils runs more to fir and tam- 

 arac. the logged-off land growing up to a 

 heavy covering of second growth timber, 

 laurel, willow and kinnikinic. 



Soil: Soils vary from light sandy to 

 clay loams. When first cleared it is brown- 

 ish yellow but turns dark under cultiva- 

 tion. 



Rainfall: Rainfall is from 20 inches up 

 (see Frost and Precipitation Tables for 

 special localities in Washington and 

 Idaho) and is sufficient for cereal crops 



