APPLES 



411 



recommended to secure the best results 

 from pollination is to plant four rows of 

 each variety, be there two or more. Such 

 an arrangement would allow for conve- 

 nient harvesting, pruning, etc., and serves 

 better than planting four and one, which 

 is sometimes recommended. Of course, so 

 far as pollination is concerned, the lat- 

 ter arrangement is entirely permissible if 

 one wishes to grow a larger proportion of 

 one variety than another, but in general 

 if one can have the varieties blocked more 

 or less many of the orchard operations 

 will be simplified. For, as is well known, 

 the several varieties frequently require 

 quite different attention. To illustrate, if 

 the Bartlett were not used to pollinate 

 d'Anjou pears, and the same were planted 

 four rows of d'Anjou to one of Bartlett, it 

 is readily seen that the Bartletts must be 

 harvested earlier than the d'Anjou with 

 the result that there would be consid- 

 erable tramping and hauling through the 

 latter, thus not only compacting the 

 ground unnecessarily, but also incurring 

 the risk of knocking off fruit, disturbing 

 props, etc. Many similar instances could 

 be cited. 



While by no means complete, the fol- 

 lowing list of commercial varieties most 

 grown at the present time are grouped 

 according to the desirability of interplant- 

 ing to secure best results from pollination. 

 Any variety occurring in any column is 

 well pollinated by any one or more of the 

 varieties in the same column. 



Apples 



Early 

 *Gravenstein Tetofski 



Oldenburg Wealthy 



Red Astrachan *Yellow Transparent 



Late 

 Arkansas Black Red Cheek Pippin 



Baldwin Rome Beauty 



Ben Davis Spitzenburg 



Black Twig Wagener 



Gano Willow Twig 



Grimes Golden Winesap (a shy pol- 



Jonathan len producer gen- 



Mclntosh erally) 



Newtown White Winter Pear- 



Northern Spy main 



Ortley Yellow Bellflower 



It must be remembered in this connec- 

 tion that in general, the greater the alti- 

 tude, or the farther north varieties are 

 grown, the later in the season will be 

 their blooming periods and that the so- 

 called early bloomers come very little in 

 advance of the late bloomers. In milder 

 climates or lower altitudes these same 

 early varieties may be entirely out of 

 bloom before the late varieties begin. 

 Thus, also, it may be found, especially 

 among the late bloomers, that certain va- 

 rieties in certain localities will bloom 

 nearly or entirely together and in other 

 localities they will bloom nearly or en- 

 tirely together and the entire blooming 

 season shortened. The lists are based on 

 general Oregon conditions for a normal 

 season. 

 Laboratobt fob Horticultural Research, 



May 2. 1912. Corvallis, Oregon. 



Proltlenis in Orchard Pollination* 



The idea of mixing varieties to insure 

 pollination is not a new one. Darwin has 

 taught that "Nature abhors perpetual 

 self-fertilization;" that "It is injurious 

 and results in inferior and less fertile off- 

 spring," and that "Plants are endlessly 

 modified to insure cross-fertilization." 

 .Just how much the apple is modified to 

 secure crossing of varieties will be seen 

 later. 



It has long been the practice of Cali- 

 fornia prune growers to mix their vari- 

 eties. Waugh (Vermont Experiment Sta- 

 tion Report, 1897) found that most vari- 



* In manv localities these varieties bloom 

 sufficiently late to serve to pollinate many of 

 those listed as late bloomers. 



* The necessity of accurate and scientific in- 

 formation concerning the pollination of our 

 fummon fruits is recognized by everyone who 

 has given the subject a moment's thought. In 

 the work done b.v the Horticultural Depart- 

 ment of the Kansas Experiment Station the 

 peach, plum, grape and apple are the fruits 

 upon which the most data has been collected. 

 The above article is based upon the worl{ done 

 liy Mr. Geo. O. Green, assistant in horticulture, 

 and submitted by him as his thesis in his worli 

 for the degree of Master of .Science. 



