APPLES 



423 



resulting in several hundred good fruits. 

 In none of these have I ever seen the 

 slightest indication that the pollen from 

 one variety affects the color of the vari- 

 ety upon which it is used." 



R. A. Emebson, 

 University of Nebraska, Dept. of Hortioultui-e. 



"I am of the opinion that there is no 



reason why such a variation (change of 



color) should follow on the surface of 



the fruit by the cross-pollination." 



Fabian Garcia, 



New Mexico College of Agricultural and Me- 

 chanical Arts. 



"In recent years we have done con- 

 siderable cross-breeding of apples here 

 at the experiment station for the purpose 

 of securing new varieties. We have never 

 found that the pollen used to fertilize a 

 given variety in any way modified the 

 color of that variety. For instance, we 

 have used Jonathan quite largely in our 

 crosses and have crossed it with a goodly 

 number of varieties, some of which are 

 pure yellow. We have never found that 

 a Jonathan fertilized with a yellow apple 

 pollen was any paler in color than when 

 fertilized by a bright red apple like the 

 King David." 



J. C. Whittix, 

 University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 



"I am of the opinion that no change 

 of color will result from crossing apples 

 of different colors." 



H. S. Erode, 

 Whitman College. Dept. of Biology. 



"So far as my observation goes and 

 also from the standpoint of the botany 

 of the fruit, I have grave doubts if there 

 is any direct influence of the pollen of 

 one variety on the color of the fruit of 

 another variety." 



E. P. Bennett, 

 The Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. 



"In my opinion the cross-fertilizations 

 of apples has no appreciable effect on 

 the color of the fruit. I realize that 

 some horticulturists differ in regard to 

 this. In fact it is difficult to find any 

 two horticulturists who will agree as to 

 the effect of the cross-pollenization. It 



is difficult to understand how it can 

 affect the coloring of the apples or the 

 quality of the fruit, i. e., looking at it 

 from a standpoint of a plant breeder." 



J. N. Alderman, 

 West Virginia University. 



"As to the matter of theory regarding 

 the pollen of one variety of fruit affect- 

 ing the color of another variety, I have 

 never tested it out by scientific experi- 

 ment but I have been observing fruits 

 for many years that had every oppor- 

 tunity to be as affected and have never 

 seen anything that leads me to believe 

 that there is such influence. The skin 

 of each variety seems to have its char- 

 acteristic color regardless of others that 

 grow near it." 



H. E. Van Deman. 



"All of my experience, in crossing 

 plants of different kinds, would lead me 

 to believe that there would be very little 

 if any effect shown on the color of fruit 

 that received pollen from some other 

 variety." 



E. J. Kyle, 

 .\gricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. 



"I see no reason why cross-pollination 

 should have any effect upon the color of 

 the fruit. The edible portion of the 

 apple and the skin are derived from the 

 calyx and receptacle and not from any 

 portion of the plant which comes from 

 the fertilized egg, consequently there 

 could be no direct effect as the result of 

 a cross-fertilization." 



George M. Reed, 

 University of Missouri. 



"I regret that I have no experimental 

 data upon the subject proposed in your 

 letter of December 1st. There is a firm 

 horticultural conviction that there may 

 be a modification of the current growth 

 of fruit while a cross-pollenized seed is 

 maturing. I am of the opinion that this 

 conviction is warranted by observation, 

 but I cannot cite specific demonstration 

 thereof." 



E. J. WiCKSON, 

 University of California. 



