454 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



in color. Apples rotted by this fungus 

 take on a characteristic moldy odor and 

 taste. 



Since the fungus enters the apple 

 through wounds, any means of control 

 of the rot must look to the prevention 

 of injuries to the epidermis. Care must 

 be taken to produce good, sound apples 

 and then these should be picked and 

 handled in such a way as to avoid cuts 

 and bruises. The apples should be stored 

 where the temperatures are as low as 

 can be maintained with safety from 

 freezing. ^ j ^^^^^^ 



Orono, Maine. 

 Body Blight. See Blight under Pear. 



Botrytis Decay 



A species of Botrytis causes a part of 

 the decay of apples in Maine. It .has 

 been found causing a rot of early apples 

 on the tree and inoculations have shown 

 that it not only attacks ripe fruit but 

 that it is capable of causing a rot of 

 green apples. The fungus spread rather 

 rapidly in the tissues of winter apples 

 which were inoculated early in August, 

 so that in two weeks one-half of each 

 apple was decayed. It causes a rapid 

 and complete decay of ripe apples. 

 W. J. Morse, 

 Orono, Maine. 



Brown Bot 



SpUaeropsis malorum 

 See Black Rot. 



Brown Bot 



Sclerotinia fructigina 

 Soft rot. Ripe rot. Same as brown 

 rot of plum. This fungus is every- 

 where present. The least break in the 

 skin gives it easy entrance into the 

 fruit. Loss of fruit In storage from this 

 disease follows when the skin is cut by 

 finger nails or punctured by fruit stems 

 or broken in any way. 



Pick the fruit with stems on. In 

 wrapping and packing, do the work in 

 such a way that there will be no punc- 

 turing by stems. Protect from injury 

 by insects and diseases by spraying, as 

 for scab. 



Rainy weather late in the season after 

 prolonged drought may cause growth 



cracks in the fruit through which this 

 fungus may gain entrance to the flesh. 

 To avoid this, maintain uniform rate of 

 growth by thorough tile drainage and 

 by early and frequent cultivation to 

 conserve the soil moisture and keep the 

 skin of the fruit in active growing con- 

 dition. 



S. A. Beach, 



Ames, la. 



Brown Spot or Dry Bot of Baldwin 



Very frequent complaint is made of 

 small sunken spots in fine specimens of 

 Baldwin and some other varieties. In- 

 ternally these sunken spots are dry and 

 somewhat bitter, leading to general 

 breakdown of the apple. These spots 

 have been referred to a particular 

 fungus (Phyllachora pomigena [Schw.] 

 Sacc), but the case is not proved. This 

 internal brown spotting also occurs in 

 Northern Spy and in Fameuse. The 

 causes of the internal spotting are prob- 

 ably the same in all cases and must in 

 part be regarded as physiological break- 

 down. New Hampshire Experiment Sta- 

 tion (Bulletin 45) succeeded in controll- 

 ing the form of this dry rot on Baldwin 

 by the use of Bordeaux mixture. Some 

 irregularity in results from spraying for 

 it have been recorded elsewhere. 



A. D. Selby. 

 Calix Injury 



Sometimes thought to be occasioned 

 by sprays applied under unfavorable 

 conditions. 



Canker and Twig Blight 



The term canker has become such a 

 general one as not to admit of easy 

 definition. It is commonly used to de- 

 scribe the Condition of branches of trees 

 in which an area of bark has been killed 

 and has broken away so that a portion 

 of the wood is laid bare or is covered 

 only by cracked and roughened bark 

 which does not protect the wood. In 

 the writer's opinion the term "canker" 

 as applied to diseased areas on trees 

 should be restricted to those character- 

 istic lesions on the trunk and limbs 

 which are the result of alternate at- 

 tempts to heal, with the formation of 



