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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICILTURE 



APPLE PESTS 



Anoinala 



Anomala hipunctata 

 Has been known to attack apple foliage 

 in Michigan. The beetles measure about 

 seven-sixteenths of an inch in length. 

 They are stout and resemble their rela- 

 tive, the June beetle in form, also like 

 the June beetles, they are clumsy in their 

 movements. In color they are for the 

 most part, polished black, except for the 

 wing covers, which are washed with 

 bronzy straw color, the feet and antennae 

 being dark brown. The underside of the 

 body is coated with fine light hairs. 



Bemedies 



Like the June beetle, this small rela- 

 tive readily responds to a spray of one 

 of the arsenites. Paris green or arsenate 

 of lead, or any one of the reliable arsen- 

 ical sprays will control it. In the case 

 of small trees, hand picking often suf- 

 fices. 



R. H. Pettit, 

 East Lansing, Mich. 



Aphids 



For the various species of plant lice, 

 see general article on aphids. 



Apple Leaf Grumpier 



Mineola indigenella 



The leaf crumpler is a common insect. 

 When the leaves are gone, the little tufts 

 of dried up leaves attached to the silken 

 case in which the larva passes the win- 

 ter, are often seen attached to the twigs 

 of apple trees both in the nursery and 

 orchard. It is really common enough to 

 do some mischief at times, but from its 

 manner of attack it is likely ordinarily to 

 escape attention. As it passes the winter 

 on the trees, it is one of the insects 

 likely to be sent out of the nursery, and 

 doubtless has attained its present general 

 distribution in the Eastern United States 

 through the instrumentality of nursery 

 stock. 



The larvae occupying the cases are 

 brownish-red in color, about one-fifth inch 

 long, the surface everywhere opaque, 

 with slender erect pale hairs. Head red, 

 like the body, but paler. The first body 



division with a conspicuous black neck- 

 plate. 



The pupa is formed in June and yields 

 the adult moth in the latter part of the 

 month and early in July. The moth is 

 gray In general color, marked with white 

 and black. 



The best treatment for the insect is 

 the simple process of removing the cases 

 from the twigs in winter. In summer 

 the only practicable treatment is spray- 

 ing the leaves with arsenical poisons. 

 H. Garman, 

 Lexineton. Ky. 



Apple Leaf Hopper 



Empoasca 7naU LeB. 

 General Appearance 



The presence of the insect is made 

 known by the curling and twisting of 

 the infested leaves, especially on nursery 

 stock: it being primarily a nursery pest. 

 The adult insect is pale yellowish-green 

 in color, with white marking and is about 

 one-eighth of an inch long. The young 

 appear much like the adults except that 

 they lack wings. 



Life History 



The winter is passed both in the adult 

 and egg stage. The winter eggs are 

 white, very delicate and curved in the 

 middle. They are inserted under the 

 bark of young apple trees (preferably 

 under bark of two or three years' 

 growth). These eggs hatch in the early 

 spring so that the young nymphs and 

 hibernating adults attack the first green 

 foliage. During the summer, eggs are 

 deposited in large numbers on the food 

 plants in the leaf petioles or in the 

 larger veins. Favorite places are the leaf 

 petioles of apple trees and alfalfa. The 

 position of the egg under the bark or 

 epidermis is made known by a slight 

 swelling of the surface. 



Distribution 



Throughout the United States; seldom 

 becoming a serious pest in any locality, 

 though occasionally it may do great dam- 

 age. 



Food Plants 



As previously stated, the apple leaf 

 hopper is primarily a nursery pest affect- 



