506 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



borer, will generally be secured when all 

 neglected vineyards, wild grapes or brier 

 thickets are not allowed to remain near 

 apple orchards. The usual practice of 

 pruning apple trees to remove all twigs 

 injured by various agencies, is a neces- 

 sary part of good orchard management 

 and should not be neglected, although 

 this twig borer usually deserts its burrow 

 before such pruning can be made. 



North Carolina Experiment Station. 

 Apple Wilt Ting 

 Euthoctha galeator 



The tender terminal growths of apple, 

 quince and plum trees are sometimes 

 found to have been stung and apparently 

 killed by a large brownish black bug 

 somewhat resembling the squash bug. It 

 has been noted repeatedly in nurseries, 

 and sometimes attacks trees in the or- 

 chard. 



The insect is one of the true bugs, and 

 is provided with a strong beak with which 

 it punctures plants to reach the sap. Like 

 the squash bug and some other members 

 of its order, it injects something that 

 seems to affect the plant injuriously. 

 Many other insects of the same group, 

 the plant lice, for example, puncture 

 plants, but seem to inject nothing, and 

 the plants do not droop and wilt, though 

 of course are finally weakened, it the 

 insects are numerous. 



The apple wilt bug is frequently seen 

 everywhere in Kentucky, but probably 

 feeds ordinarily on some native plant. It 

 is capable of very severe mischief it it 

 should become at any time more numer- 

 ous than it now is. H. Garman, 



Lexington, Kv. 



Baij Worm 



ThyrUlopteryx ephemeraeformis 

 Occasional enemy of apple trees in Ken- 

 tucky, Tennessee and neighboring states. 

 A naked caterpillar which constructs 

 and carries about with it a tough, gray, 

 silken case over the outside of which it 

 fastens fragments of leaves. The adult 

 male is a small, black moth with trans- 

 parent wings. The females are wingless 

 and deposit their eggs in their pupa 

 cases left hanging to twigs. The eggs 

 are deposited in September and October. 



Fig. ]. Adult Bas; Worm. Male. .\lsn iis . as,- 

 and pupa case. I'J'ennessee Exj>friment Sta- 

 tion.) 



Control 



Destroy the pupa cases. Spray with 

 arsenate of lead. 



Bark Beetle. See Fruit Tree Bark 

 Beetle, this section. 



Black Scale. See Olive. 



Blister Mite, Leaf Blister Mite, Pear 

 Leaf Blister Mite. See under Pear. 



BORERS 



Apple Bud Borer 



Steganoptycha pyricolana Murt. 



Young apple trees have been consid- 

 erably injured by small caterpillars bor- 

 ing into the terminal buds and thus 

 stunting their growth. Upon trees top- 

 worked by budding the shoots from the 

 buds are often seriously injured. Only 

 the "water sprouts" are attacked upon 

 old trees. These caterpillars ultimately 

 transform into small moths, which lay 

 eggs for another brood. Pour broods 

 occur in a season, about six weeks being 

 required for each. During the winter the 

 caterpillars hibernate in their burrows in 

 the twigs and in small silken cases on 

 the branches. They may thus be spread 

 on nursery stock. The best means of 

 control is by pruning off infested termi- 

 nals in winter, keeping "water sprouts" 

 cut off old trees, and frequent spraying 

 with arsenites. 



