514 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



properly. The adults are moths measur- 

 ing about one-half inch from tip to tip of 

 the wings. The larvae hibernate in cases 

 attached to twigs. In spring they feed 

 on the opening buds and the new foliage 

 till full grown, living all the time in cases 

 which are readily seen projecting from 

 the surface of the bud or leaf. They also 

 attack the flowers and fruit. The case- 

 bearers are distributed from Nova Scotia 

 westward to the Mississippi and south- 

 ward. They are held in check by a mi- 

 nute parasite. 



Treatment 



Spray with kerosene emulsion or Paris 

 green early in spring before the leaf buds 

 are opening. Orchards regularly treated 

 for codling moth will not be troubled. 



Caterpili.ahs. See Tent Caterpillar. 

 Red Humped Caterpillar. 



Cecropia Moth 



Samia cecropia 



This is the largest caterpillar and moth 

 occurring in the United States. The 

 caterpillar measures, when grown, in the 

 neighborhood of four inches in length and 

 bears along the back blunt tubercles, 

 some red, some yellow, some blue. Some 

 of the larger moths have a wing expanse 

 of seven inches. 



The magnificent moth of this insect is 

 so striking in size and colors that most 

 people who have lived in the country or 

 in villages have at some time had their 

 attention arrested by it. The larvae is 

 not less striking, but its green colors are 

 so like those of the leaves that it is not 

 often seen, unless several of them should 

 denude a small tree or two in a door- 

 yard, I have known a couple of the 

 ravenous fellows to clear the leaves from 

 a young apple tree pretty completely. 



The pupa stage is passed in a large 

 reddish gray cocoon, consisting of tough 

 layers, the outer one separated by a layer 

 of loose silk from an inner oval, com- 

 pletely closed over surrounding the pupa. 

 Not important. H. G.vkm.^n, 



r^pxington, K.v. 



('limbing Cutworms 



(Various species) 

 Sometimes the expanding buds of apple 

 and other fruit trees are eaten into and 



destroyed, yet no destructive agent is in 

 evidence to account for the damage. 

 Some parts of the tree fail to leaf out, 

 or the young leaves on an entire branch 

 suddenly disappear. Some of the blos- 

 soms are found to have a hole cut 

 through the side of the calyx and the 

 ovary consumed. Such damage is usually 

 indicative of the work of climbing cut- 

 worms which feed at night. Several dif- 

 ferent species work such injury. Band- 

 ing the trees as for canker worms, with 

 sticky materials, cotton batting or tin col- 

 lars is perhaps the most reliable measure. 

 Poisoned bran mash used in conjunction 

 with banding is very effective. Where 

 early spraying is done for the bud worms 

 and casebearers or canker worms, prob- 

 ably no other measure will be needed. 



H. A. GOSSARD, 



Wooster. Ohio. 



Codling Moth 



Carpocapsa pomonella Linn, 



By H. F. Wilson 



The codling moth must everywhere be 

 considered an important factor in apple, 

 and to a less extent, in pear growing. 

 It occurs in every important apple grow- 

 ing section of the world, and wherever 

 repressive measures are not employed, 

 annually destroys one-fourth or more of 

 the crop. 



Supposed Immune Regions — The above 

 statement is made notwithstanding the 

 repeated appearance of reports of new or 

 little developed fruit regions which, by 

 reason of some especially favorable soil 

 or climatic condition, are supposed to be 

 immune. 



Orchardists who are located, or who 

 contemplate locating in such supposed 

 favored regions are cautioned against re- 

 lying too implicitly upon the continued ab- 

 sence of the codling moth, unless active, 

 intelligent effort, rather than blind reli- 

 ance upon an unknown factor, be made 

 to prevent its gaining a good foothold. 

 During the past fifteen years we have 

 seen this idea of immunity dispelled 

 in locality after locality in the Pacific 

 Northwest, and when we consider that 

 the codling moth is a serious pest in 

 England, on the continent of Europe 



